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Human-Level Performance in No-Press Diplomacy via Equilibrium Search

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arxiv 2010.02923 v2 pith:RVABUMQ6 submitted 2020-10-06 cs.AI cs.GTcs.LG

classification cs.AIcs.GTcs.LG
keywords diplomacygamesno-pressadversarialagentbeencooperationhuman
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Prior AI breakthroughs in complex games have focused on either the purely adversarial or purely cooperative settings. In contrast, Diplomacy is a game of shifting alliances that involves both cooperation and competition. For this reason, Diplomacy has proven to be a formidable research challenge. In this paper we describe an agent for the no-press variant of Diplomacy that combines supervised learning on human data with one-step lookahead search via regret minimization. Regret minimization techniques have been behind previous AI successes in adversarial games, most notably poker, but have not previously been shown to be successful in large-scale games involving cooperation. We show that our agent greatly exceeds the performance of past no-press Diplomacy bots, is unexploitable by expert humans, and ranks in the top 2% of human players when playing anonymous games on a popular Diplomacy website.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. DipLLM: Fine-Tuning LLM for Strategic Decision-making in Diplomacy

    cs.AI 2025-06 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A fine-tuned LLM with a unit-by-unit action decomposition outperforms prior Diplomacy agents while using far less training data.

  2. In Pursuit of Predictive Models of Human Preferences Toward AI Teammates

    cs.HC 2025-01 reject novelty 5.0 of 10

    In a 241-participant Hanabi study, AI behavioral metrics like action diversity and strategic dominance predict human preference ratings more strongly than the final game score, though all correlations are weak to moderate.

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