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GELLO: A General, Low-Cost, and Intuitive Teleoperation Framework for Robot Manipulators

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arxiv 2309.13037 v2 pith:S6YHGHTL submitted 2023-09-22 cs.RO

GELLO: A General, Low-Cost, and Intuitive Teleoperation Framework for Robot Manipulators

classification cs.RO
keywords gellodemonstrationframeworkintuitivemanipulationteleoperationbuildcommonly
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Humans can teleoperate robots to accomplish complex manipulation tasks. Imitation learning has emerged as a powerful framework that leverages human teleoperated demonstrations to teach robots new skills. However, the performance of the learned policies is bottlenecked by the quality, scale, and variety of the demonstration data. In this paper, we aim to lower the barrier to collecting large and high-quality human demonstration data by proposing a GEneraL framework for building LOw-cost and intuitive teleoperation systems for robotic manipulation (GELLO). Given a target robot arm, we build a GELLO controller device that has the same kinematic structure as the target arm, leveraging 3D-printed parts and economical off-the-shelf motors. GELLO is easy to build and intuitive to use. Through an extensive user study, we show that GELLO enables more reliable and efficient demonstration collection compared to other cost efficient teleoperation devices commonly used in the imitation learning literature such as virtual reality controllers and 3D spacemouses. We further demonstrate the capabilities of GELLO for performing complex bi-manual and contact-rich manipulation tasks. To make GELLO accessible to everyone, we have designed and built GELLO systems for 3 commonly used robotic arms: Franka, UR5, and xArm. All software and hardware are open-sourced and can be found on our website: https://wuphilipp.github.io/gello/.

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Cited by 13 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Any-point Trajectory Modeling for Policy Learning

    cs.RO 2023-12 conditional novelty 7.0

    ATM pre-trains models to predict trajectories of any points in videos, then uses those predictions to learn strong visuomotor policies from minimal action labels, beating baselines by 80% on 130+ tasks.

  2. DexDirect: Direct Kinesthetic Arm Guidance for Efficient Dexterous Demonstration Collection

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    A hybrid kinesthetic-arm-plus-webcam-hand teleoperation interface achieved 17x/3x higher demonstration throughput than vision baselines and trained a 90%-success pick-and-place policy in a ten-person study.

  3. Scalable Behavior Cloning with Open Data, Training, and Evaluation

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Releases the largest open teleoperation dataset for robot manipulation together with hardware, simulation, and training infrastructure to support scalable behavior cloning.

  4. OpenEAI-Platform: An Open-source Embodied Artificial Intelligence Hardware-Software Unified Platform

    cs.RO 2026-06 conditional novelty 6.0

    OpenEAI-Platform delivers an open-source low-cost robotic arm and VLA model that outperforms commercial arms and matches large pretrained baselines on four real-world manipulation tasks using limited open data.

  5. From Demonstrations to Rewards: Test-Time Prompt Optimization for VLM Reward Models

    cs.LG 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Demo2Reward optimizes VLM reward model language instructions at test time from a few demonstrations to reduce false positives and enable policy learning in simulated and real robotic tasks without manual reward design.

  6. TacO: Benchmarking Tactile Sensors for Object Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    The paper provides a task-driven benchmark comparing visual, acoustic, magnetic, and resistive tactile sensors on three manipulation tasks and concludes that sensor utility depends on modality, material friction, and ...

  7. COBALT: Crowdsourcing Robot Learning via Cloud-Based Teleoperation with Smartphones

    cs.RO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    COBALT provides scalable cloud infrastructure for crowdsourced robot teleoperation via smartphones, supporting concurrent users with low latency and enabling collection of a 7500+ demonstration dataset validated throu...

  8. COBALT: Crowdsourcing Robot Learning via Cloud-Based Teleoperation with Smartphones

    cs.RO 2026-05 conditional novelty 6.0

    COBALT enables scalable crowdsourced teleoperation of robots using smartphones, supporting concurrent users with low latency and yielding a 7500+ demonstration dataset validated on imitation learning tasks.

  9. WARPED: Wrist-Aligned Rendering for Robot Policy Learning from Egocentric Human Demonstrations

    cs.RO 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    WARPED synthesizes realistic wrist-view observations from monocular egocentric human videos via foundation models, hand-object tracking, retargeting, and Gaussian Splatting to train visuomotor policies that match tele...

  10. AXIS: A Growable Community-Driven Data Engine for Scalable Robot Manipulation

    cs.RO 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    Pretraining π0.5 on the crowdsourced AXIS simulation dataset (207 tasks, 50K+ trajectories) raises downstream LIBERO-Plus success from 83.9% to 88.8% as the pretraining corpus grows from none to the full dataset.

  11. Bridging Handheld and Teleoperated Supervision for Contact-Rich Manipulation via State-Gated Experts

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    BRIDGE routes between handheld and teleoperated diffusion policy experts via robot state to achieve up to 36.7% higher success rates than handheld-only baselines on three contact-rich tasks.

  12. DIPOLE: Fusing Vision and Geometry for Robust Visuomotor Generalization

    cs.RO 2025-11 conditional novelty 5.0

    Fusing RGB and point-cloud inputs with training-time modality dropout plus cross-attention makes a diffusion visuomotor policy markedly more robust to visual and spatial shifts than unimodal or naively fused baselines.

  13. DexTeleop-0: Force-Aware Bimanual Dexterous Teleoperation with Ego-Centric Perception towards Shared Autonomy

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    DexTeleop-0 adds a tactile-driven adaptation loop to bimanual dexterous teleoperation that estimates contact points and applies localized force-compliant corrections via operational-space Jacobian updates.