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arxiv 2508.12698 v4 pith:SC7Z4F55 submitted 2025-08-18 gr-qc quant-ph

Quantum spacetime from constraints: wave equations and fields

classification gr-qc quant-ph
keywords quantumconstraintsequationsspacetimeemergeentanglementformalismfurther
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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In previous works, we showed that both time and space can emerge from entanglement within a globally constrained quantum Universe, with no background coordinates. By extending the Page and Wootters quantum time formalism to include both quantum clocks and rods, and imposing global constraints on total energy and momentum, we constructed a fully relational model of quantum spacetime. Here we take a further step: working in 1+1 dimensions, we show that the standard wave equations governing quantum particles (the Schr\"odinger, Klein-Gordon and Dirac equations) emerge naturally from this framework. The solutions of the equations are derived directly from the constraints, without assuming any external spacetime structure. The second quantization formalism is also implemented and discussed. Our results provide further support for the idea that quantum dynamics in spacetime may emerge from entanglement and constraints.

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