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Dark Matter from Axion Strings with Adaptive Mesh Refinement
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abstract
Axions are hypothetical particles that may explain the observed dark matter (DM) density and the non-observation of a neutron electric dipole moment. An increasing number of axion laboratory searches are underway worldwide, but these efforts are made difficult by the fact that the axion mass is largely unconstrained. If the axion is generated after inflation there is a unique mass that gives rise to the observed DM abundance; due to nonlinearities and topological defects known as strings, computing this mass accurately has been a challenge for four decades. Recent works, making use of large static lattice simulations, have led to largely disparate predictions for the axion mass, spanning the range from 25 microelectronvolts to over 500 microelectronvolts. In this work we show that adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) simulations are better suited for axion cosmology than the previously-used static lattice simulations because only the string cores require high spatial resolution. Using dedicated AMR simulations we obtain an over three order of magnitude leap in dynamic range and provide evidence that axion strings radiate their energy with a scale-invariant spectrum, to within $\sim$5% precision, leading to a mass prediction in the range (40,180) microelectronvolts.
Forward citations
Cited by 19 Pith papers
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Amnesia in the Axion Misalignment Landscape
Kinetic misalignment fragmentation drives the small-scale axion spectrum toward the same attractor as post-inflationary axions, largely erasing the memory of the initial misalignment angle and velocity.
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Dark Matter Haloscope with a Disordered Dielectric Absorber
A disordered dielectric powder can act as a broadband dark-matter-to-photon conversion target, and the proposed DPHaSE experiment could probe QCD axions and dark photons in the 10 meV to 1 eV range.
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Catalogues of Cosmologically Self-Consistent Hadronic QCD Axion Models
Hadronic axion models with d=6 and d=7 heavy-quark decay operators can produce two new cosmologically viable 'islands' at f_a ~ 10^12 and 10^14 GeV, extending the post-inflationary axion search window.
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Broadband phonon production from axion absorption
Random nuclear spin orientations break momentum conservation, so axion absorption in crystals excites phonons across the whole Brillouin zone, yielding a broadband detection rate proportional to the phonon density of states.
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Design of ALPHA Phase I: A Plasma Haloscope for 10--20 GHz Post-Inflation Axions
ALPHA Phase I is designed to probe axion dark matter at 40 to 80 micro-eV mass with projected KSVZ-level sensitivity using tunable wire-array plasma resonators.
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Axion isocurvature and the model-building problem of low-scale inflation
A light pre-inflationary QCD axion that is all the dark matter forces the inflationary Hubble scale below ~10^7–10^10 GeV and, for canonical slow-roll inflation, confines the inflaton to sub-10^-4 M_Pl of field motion...
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Nambu-Goldstone emissions from the cosmological evolution of global monopoles
First quantitative lattice measurement of NG boson emission from global monopoles: the spectrum peaks at the Hubble scale, the number density grows linearly with H, and the resulting pseudo-NG bosons can be dark matter.
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A Universal Framework for Horizon-Scale Tests of Gravity with Black Hole Shadows
An adaptive ray-tracing and MCMC framework estimates shadow observables for arbitrary stationary metrics; applied to the Kerr–Bertotti–Robinson spacetime it yields an Sgr A* horizon-scale magnetic field of about 93 G ...
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Search for dark-matter axions beyond the quantum limit: the Cosmological Axion Sarov Haloscope (CASH) proposal
The CASH haloscope proposal projects that Josephson-junction single-photon detectors can reach axion-photon couplings below 1e-15 GeV^-1 in the 38-54 micro-eV mass range, beating the standard quantum limit.
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String Theory and Grand Unification Suggest a Sub-Microelectronvolt QCD Axion
String-theoretic axions consistent with grand unification and proton decay are predicted to have masses in the 3e-11 to 1e-8 eV window, with at most 47 axions in the Kreuzer-Skarke ensemble.
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MOSAIC: Magnonic Observations of Spin-dependent Axion-like InteraCtions
MOSAIC is a proposed scalable array of YIG magnon spheres coupled to electron-on-neon qubits that could search for electron-coupled axion dark matter with projected sensitivity beyond current ferromagnetic haloscopes.
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Free streaming of warm wave dark matter in modified expansion histories
Warm wave dark matter free streaming can shift by up to roughly 40% in a very early dark energy cosmology, while early matter domination moves the signal to unobservably small scales.
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Using $\Delta N_{\rm eff}$ to constrain preferred axion model dark matter
In preferred axion models with slow heavy-quark decays, axions produced after decoupling form dark radiation that can exceed Planck's ΔNeff bound, excluding much of the parameter space of models D and E.
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Large-Scale Structure Probes of the Post-Inflationary Axiverse
HST ultraviolet luminosity function data at z=4-10, combined with Lyman-α and CMB data, place leading constraints on subdominant post-inflationary axion dark matter via its white-noise isocurvature perturbations.
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Axion framework with color-mediated Dirac neutrino masses
A KSVZ-type axion framework generates Dirac neutrino masses through colored vector-like quarks and leptoquarks, linking neutrino mass, strong CP, and dark matter.
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Flavor in Ninths and a Discrete Gauge Origin of the QCD Axion
A 'flavor in ninths' fit is claimed to force a Z18 discrete gauge symmetry whose flavon doubles as the QCD axion, fixing the axion mass at 7-12 μeV with DFSZ-II coupling.
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Axions at the meV Crossroads: Theory, Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Experiments
The meV axion window is presented as a coherent, cross-validated search program in which string theory, stellar cooling, dark matter, and new detector concepts converge on the same mass range.
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The Spectrum of Global Axion Strings
Lattice simulations of global axion string networks, corrected for discretization and oscillation effects, are extrapolated to predict the axion dark matter mass in the 95 to 450 micro-eV band.
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Indirect detection of the QCD axion
A GBT X-band search for axion minicluster-neutron star radio transients in M31 found no 5-sigma candidates, yielding sensitivity to QCD axions in the 33-42 micro-eV mass range.
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