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Towards a Unified Copernicus Foundation Model for Earth Vision

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arxiv 2503.11849 v3 pith:U2UREZTY submitted 2025-03-14 cs.CV

Towards a Unified Copernicus Foundation Model for Earth Vision

classification cs.CV
keywords foundationearthmodelsmodelapplicationsbenchmarkcopernicuscopernicus-fm
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Advances in Earth observation (EO) foundation models have unlocked the potential of big satellite data to learn generic representations from space, benefiting a wide range of downstream applications crucial to our planet. However, most existing efforts remain limited to fixed spectral sensors, focus solely on the Earth's surface, and overlook valuable metadata beyond imagery. In this work, we take a step towards next-generation EO foundation models with three key components: 1) Copernicus-Pretrain, a massive-scale pretraining dataset that integrates 18.7M aligned images from all major Copernicus Sentinel missions, spanning from the Earth's surface to its atmosphere; 2) Copernicus-FM, a unified foundation model capable of processing any spectral or non-spectral sensor modality using extended dynamic hypernetworks and flexible metadata encoding; and 3) Copernicus-Bench, a systematic evaluation benchmark with 15 hierarchical downstream tasks ranging from preprocessing to specialized applications for each Sentinel mission. Our dataset, model, and benchmark greatly improve the scalability, versatility, and multimodal adaptability of EO foundation models, while also creating new opportunities to connect EO, weather, and climate research. Codes, datasets and models are available at https://github.com/zhu-xlab/Copernicus-FM.

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Forward citations

Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. UniverSat: Resolution- and Modality-Agnostic Transformers for Earth Observation

    cs.CV 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    UniverSat is a ViT-style model with a universal patch encoder enabling self-supervised training on heterogeneous multimodal Earth observation data from varying resolutions and sensors.

  2. OSMGraphCLIP: Learning Global Location Representations from OpenStreetMap Graphs

    cs.AI 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    OSMGraphCLIP learns global location embeddings from OSM graphs via multi-scale graph encoding and contrastive alignment that match or exceed satellite baselines on many socioeconomic, health, and environmental tasks.

  3. Agentic AI for Remote Sensing: Technical Challenges and Research Directions

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Agentic AI faces structural challenges in remote sensing due to geospatial data properties and workflow constraints, requiring EO-native agents built around structured state, tool-aware reasoning, and validity-aware e...

  4. TESSERA: Temporal Embeddings of Surface Spectra for Earth Representation and Analysis

    cs.LG 2025-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    TESSERA learns robust label-efficient embeddings from irregular multi-modal EO time series via Barlow Twins plus global shuffling and mix-based regularizers, delivering SOTA accuracy on classification, segmentation an...

  5. Agentic AI for Remote Sensing: Technical Challenges and Research Directions

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Agentic AI for remote sensing requires new designs centered on structured geospatial state, tool-aware reasoning, verifier-guided execution, and physical validity rather than generic extensions.

  6. Agentic AI for Remote Sensing: Technical Challenges and Research Directions

    cs.CV 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Position paper identifies structural challenges in applying generic agentic AI to Earth Observation and outlines design principles for EO-native agents focused on geospatial state and validity.

  7. Scalable and Trustworthy Earth Observation Foundation Models

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 3.0

    Remote-sensing foundation models need domain-specific design and evaluation around measurement physics and decision constraints; benchmark accuracy alone is insufficient for trustworthy EO deployment.