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Efficient simulation of Clifford circuits with small Markovian errors

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arxiv 2504.15128 v1 pith:UCVXVBWH submitted 2025-04-21 quant-ph

Efficient simulation of Clifford circuits with small Markovian errors

classification quant-ph
keywords circuitserrorsquantumefficientsimulationcoherentalgorithmclifford
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Classical simulation of noisy quantum circuits is essential for understanding quantum computing experiments. It enables scalable error characterization, analysis of how noise impacts quantum algorithms, and optimized implementations of quantum error correction. However, most existing efficient simulation techniques can only simulate the effects of stochastic (incoherent) noise. The lack of efficient ways to simulate coherent errors, which are common and significant in contemporary quantum computing systems, has frustrated research. We remedy this gap by introducing an efficient algorithm for approximate simulation of Clifford circuits with arbitrary small errors (including coherent errors) that can be described by sparse $n$-qubit Lindbladians. We use this algorithm to study the impact of coherent errors on syndrome extract circuits for distance-3, 5, 7, 9, and 11 rotated surface codes, and on deep random 225-qubit circuits containing over a million gates.

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Cited by 5 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Symmetries of Pauli Noise from Lindbladian Dynamics

    quant-ph 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Lindbladian perturbation theory reveals approximate symmetries on Pauli fidelities for Clifford gates, with only restricted off-diagonal dissipative errors breaking them at first order, enabling gauge fixing for SPAM ...

  2. QMCtwin: Master-Equation Simulation of Syndrome Statistics Beyond Pauli Noise

    quant-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    QMCtwin simulates master-equation syndrome statistics for a distance-7 surface code and reveals biases and correlations absent in Pauli-twirled models.

  3. Scalable linearized gate set tomography

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Linearized gate set tomography scales error characterization to many qubits via sparse models, linear fitting, and shallow circuits, with simulations showing accuracy on 10-qubit systems including crosstalk.

  4. Plaquette: A hardware-aware design platform for fault-tolerant quantum computers

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0

    Plaquette compiles realistic quantum hardware noise models into multiple sampler representations, showing that Pauli-twirled approximations can misestimate logical error rates by an order of magnitude compared to leak...

  5. Continuous Noise Model for Quantum Circuits

    quant-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Continuous coherent noise modeled via von Mises-Fisher rotations degrades logical performance in quantum error-correcting codes more than equivalent Pauli noise.