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From Architectures to Applications: A Review of Neural Quantum States

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arxiv 2402.09402 v3 pith:UHX6WD44 submitted 2024-02-14 cond-mat.dis-nn cond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.str-elquant-ph

classification cond-mat.dis-nncond-mat.quant-gascond-mat.str-elquant-ph
keywords statesquantumsimulationstateapplicationsarchitecturesexponentialneural
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Due to the exponential growth of the Hilbert space dimension with system size, the simulation of quantum many-body systems has remained a persistent challenge until today. Here, we review a relatively new class of variational states for the simulation of such systems, namely neural quantum states (NQS), which overcome the exponential scaling by compressing the state in terms of the network parameters rather than storing all exponentially many coefficients needed for an exact parameterization of the state. We introduce the commonly used NQS architectures and their various applications for the simulation of ground and excited states, finite temperature and open system states as well as NQS approaches to simulate the dynamics of quantum states. Furthermore, we discuss NQS in the context of quantum state tomography.

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Cited by 11 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Mechanistic Interpretability and Causal Feature Steering of Neural Quantum States via Sparse Autoencoders

    quant-ph 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 8.0 of 10

    Sparse autoencoders applied to Neural Quantum States extract unsupervised features correlating with and causally steering physical observables such as order parameters while preserving variational energy.

  2. Convergence rates of Sum-of-Hermitian-Squares Hierarchies for the Pauli algebra

    quant-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 8.0 of 10

    Explicit convergence rates for noncommutative SOS hierarchies on the Pauli algebra are bounded using smallest roots of Krawtchouk polynomials.

  3. Infinite temperature at zero energy

    quant-ph 2025-09 conditional novelty 8.0 of 10

    Periodic Feynman-Kitaev clocks built from linear feedback shift register circuits have provably volume-law-entangled ground states and almost all eigenstates.

  4. Unveiling Semiclassical Structures in Quantum Chaotic Eigenstates Using Neural Networks

    quant-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Localization-constrained sparse quantum dictionaries trained on baker-map eigenstates spontaneously recover scar-like atoms aligned with classical periodic orbits.

  5. One More Time: Revisiting Neural Quantum States from a Reinforcement Learning Perspective

    cs.LG 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    PWO is a trust-region optimizer for autoregressive NQS that improves stability over Adam and stochastic reconfiguration methods while scaling to 1.5B-parameter models on spin systems.

  6. Neural network quantum states in the grand canonical ensemble

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0 of 10

    A new neural quantum state ansatz for bosons in the grand canonical ensemble achieves competitive variational energies in 1D and 2D systems and provides access to one-body reduced density matrices.

  7. Solving Classical and Quantum Spin Glasses with Deep Boltzmann Quantum States

    cond-mat.dis-nn 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    Deep Boltzmann Quantum States with natural-gradient optimization and annealing-like training match exact or best-known solutions for large infinite-range Ising spin glasses and solve job shop scheduling instances.

  8. Variational Thermal State Preparation on Digital Quantum Processors Assisted by Matrix Product States

    quant-ph 2025-10 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

    A variational framework assisted by matrix product states prepares approximate thermal Gibbs states for 1D lattices up to 30 sites and 2D lattices up to 6x6 using up to 44 qubits, with a demonstration on IBM Heron hardware.

  9. MPStab: an hybrid stabilizers tensor-network quantum circuit simulator

    quant-ph 2026-07 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

    MPStab implements hybrid stabilizer–MPO circuit simulation and shows it outperforms pure tensor networks on Clifford-heavy circuits with moderate magic at matched bond dimension.

  10. How to Build a Quantum Supercomputer: Scaling from Hundreds to Millions of Qubits

    quant-ph 2024-11 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

    A comprehensive review of scaling paths for superconducting quantum computers, with resource and sensitivity analyses for utility-scale applications under realistic error distributions.

  11. Statistical and Algorithmic Foundations of Probing Quantum Systems with Compressive Measurements: A Review

    quant-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 2.0 of 10

    A survey of structured quantum state tomography covering compact representations, measurement design, and optimization algorithms, connected to compressive sensing for sample efficiency.

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