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Beyond Chain-of-Thought: A Survey of Chain-of-X Paradigms for LLMs

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arxiv 2404.15676 v3 pith:UKLD5AXN submitted 2024-04-24 cs.CL cs.AI

classification cs.CLcs.AI
keywords llmschain-of-xmethodssurveybeenchain-of-thoughttasksabilities
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has been a widely adopted prompting method, eliciting impressive reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). Inspired by the sequential thought structure of CoT, a number of Chain-of-X (CoX) methods have been developed to address various challenges across diverse domains and tasks involving LLMs. In this paper, we provide a comprehensive survey of Chain-of-X methods for LLMs in different contexts. Specifically, we categorize them by taxonomies of nodes, i.e., the X in CoX, and application tasks. We also discuss the findings and implications of existing CoX methods, as well as potential future directions. Our survey aims to serve as a detailed and up-to-date resource for researchers seeking to apply the idea of CoT to broader scenarios.

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Cited by 7 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. MARCO: Meta-Reflection with Cross-Referencing for Code Reasoning

    cs.CL 2025-05 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    MARCO combines cross-problem knowledge accumulation with cross-agent lesson sharing to improve LLM code reasoning at inference time.

  2. Unleashing the Power of Large Language Model for Denoising Recommendation

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    LLaRD uses LLM-generated preference and relation knowledge plus an information-bottleneck objective to denoise implicit feedback and improve recommendation accuracy on Steam, Yelp, and Amazon-Book.

  3. What makes prompts a graph: necessary and sufficient conditions for prompt graph engineering

    cs.AI 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The paper defines prompt graph engineering via four necessary and sufficient conditions (explicit structure, structure/content separation, executable semantics, first-class artifact) and an inclusion/exclusion test th...

  4. ViTCoT: Video-Text Interleaved Chain-of-Thought for Boosting Video Understanding in Large Language Models

    cs.CV 2025-07 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Interleaving key video frames into step-by-step reasoning improves video question answering by 1.7 to 5.5 points over text-only chain-of-thought on a new self-built benchmark.

  5. Generating Privacy Stories From Software Documentation

    cs.SE 2025-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    LLMs can extract privacy behaviors from software documents and draft privacy stories, but the best overall F1 is 0.766, not the abstract's 0.8+.

  6. Logical Reasoning in Large Language Models: A Survey

    cs.AI 2025-02 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    A survey of logical reasoning in large language models that organizes benchmarks, evaluations, and enhancement methods around formal and symbolic logic.

  7. RACE-Align: Retrieval-Augmented and Chain-of-Thought Enhanced Preference Alignment for Large Language Models

    cs.CL 2025-06 reject novelty 3.0 of 10

    RACE-Align generates preference pairs from RAG-grounded chain-of-thought answers and applies DPO to align a 1.7B model, showing improved reasoning scores in TCM QA but lacking statistical support.

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