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arxiv 2312.13713 v2 pith:UMKGPBM5 submitted 2023-12-21 cond-mat.mtrl-sci nucl-ex

Optical Transmission Enhancement of Ionic Crystals via Superionic Fluoride Transfer: Growing VUV-Transparent Radioactive Crystals

classification cond-mat.mtrl-sci nucl-ex
keywords crystalsfluoridenuclearstateannealingclockionicoptical
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The 8 eV first nuclear excited state in $^{229}$Th is a candidate for implementing an nuclear clock. Doping $^{229}$Th into ionic crystals such as CaF$_2$ is expected to suppress non-radiative decay, enabling nuclear spectroscopy and the realization of a solid-state optical clock. Yet, the inherent radioactivity of $^{229}$Th prohibits the growth of high-quality single crystals with high $^{229}$Th concentration; radiolysis causes fluoride loss, increasing absorption at 8 eV. We overcome this roadblock by annealing $^{229}$Th doped CaF$_2$ at 1250$\unicode{x2103}$ in CF$_4$. The technique presented here allows to adjust the fluoride content without crystal melting, preserving its single-crystal structure. Superionic state annealing ensures rapid fluoride distribution, creating fully transparent and radiation-hard crystals. This approach enables control over the charge state of dopants which can be used in deep UV optics, laser crystals, scintillators, and nuclear clocks.

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