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Flavor probes of axion-like particles
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Axions and axion-like particles (ALPs) are well-motivated low-energy relics of high-energy extensions of the Standard Model (SM). We investigate the phenomenology of an ALP with flavor-changing couplings, and present a comprehensive analysis of quark and lepton flavor-changing observables within a general ALP effective field theory. Observables studied include rare meson decays, flavor oscillations of neutral mesons, rare lepton decays, and dipole moments. We derive bounds on the general ALP couplings as a function of its mass, consistently taking into account the ALP lifetime and branching ratios. We further calculate quark flavor-changing effects that are unavoidably induced by running and matching between the new physics scale and the scale of the measurements. This allows us to derive bounds on benchmark ALP models in which only a single (flavorless or flavor-universal) ALP coupling to SM particles is present at the new physics scale, and in this context we highlight the complementarity and competitiveness of flavor bounds with constraints derived from collider, beam dump and astrophysical measurements. We find that searches for ALPs produced in meson decays provide some of the strongest constraints in the MeV-GeV mass range, even for the most flavorless of ALP models. Likewise, we discuss the interplay of flavor-conserving and flavor-violating couplings of the ALP to leptons, finding that constraints from lepton flavor-violating observables generally depend strongly on both. Additionally, we analyze whether an ALP can provide an explanation for various experimental anomalies including those observed in rare B-meson decays, measurements at the ATOMKI and KTeV experiments, and in the anomalous magnetic moments of the muon and the electron.
Forward citations
Cited by 26 Pith papers
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Spin-Dependent Scattering of Sub-GeV Dark Matter: Models and Constraints
A new calculation of spin-dependent sub-GeV dark matter phonon scattering shows only the light scalar mediator model retains testable parameter space, conditional on the supernova trapping window.
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Constraints on axion-like particles using lattice QCD calculations of the rate for $J/\psi \to \gamma a$
First lattice QCD calculation of the J/psi to gamma plus axion-like-particle form factor, with under 2% uncertainty, used to update ALP constraints.
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How to Identify a Majoron: Effective Field Theories of Spontaneous Lepton Number Breaking
Seesaw Majoron models imply parameter-free correlations among Higgs, muon decay, and neutrino observables that can identify the neutrino mass mechanism.
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Neutron stars can shine a light on elusive lepton-flavor-violating dark matter
Flavor blocking keeps lepton-flavor-violating dark matter from thermalizing inside neutron stars, so p-wave annihilation stays efficient and heats the star to observable temperatures.
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Long-lived Axion-Like Particles from Tau Decays
Leptophilic long-lived ALPs produced in tau decays are shown to yield new CHARM/BEBC constraints and improved future sensitivity, particularly at SHiP, extending reach to fa up to 10^8-10^9 GeV in LFV scenarios.
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$B\rightarrow K + \text{axion-like particles}$: effective versus UV-complete models and enhanced two-loop contributions
In the DFSZ axion model, the b to s a transition receives an unsuppressed two-loop contribution proportional to the scalar coupling lambda, which becomes important for tan beta above about 5.
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Lattice QCD determination of the radiative decay rates $h_{c}\to \eta_{c}\, \gamma$ and $h_{b}\to \eta_{b}\, \gamma$
Using five lattice spacings with physical quark masses, the authors obtain Gamma(h_c->eta_c gamma)=0.604(24) MeV and the first lattice QCD estimate Gamma(h_b->eta_b gamma)=46.0(4.8) keV.
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Soft Collinear Effective Theory for Heavy QCD Axions
A new dimension-seven operator is generated by the gluon equation of motion in the presence of the axion-gluon coupling, and its spectator-scattering contribution to B to K a is roughly 25 percent of the soft-overlap ...
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Flavor-violating dark matter at MEG-II and Mu3e
Rare muon decays into a positron and two dark matter particles could let MEG-II and Mu3e probe lepton-flavor-violating dark matter interactions at TeV scales, with a radiative decay extending the reach to sub-MeV dark matter.
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ALP pair production at the LHC
Non-resonant gg→aa→4γ production could constrain the dimension-6 ALP-gluon coupling down to ~10^-3 TeV^-2 at 300 fb^-1, but the allowed parameter space remains unbounded along multiple flat directions.
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Searching for long-lived ALPs with a laser-assisted optical dump
A laser-assisted optical dump could probe ALP-electron couplings down to ~10^-6 (10^-7) GeV^-1 with 16.5 (125) GeV electron beams, and when both couplings are present the Primakoff process improves the electron-coupli...
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ALP production in Lepton Flavour Violating meson, tau and gauge boson decays
ALPs with LFV couplings above the muon mass threshold can be produced in LFV meson, tau, and gauge boson decays, yielding clean eμ signatures that enable new searches at future experiments.
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Lattice determination of the neutrino background for $J/\psi \rightarrow \gamma + \textrm{invisible}$
Lattice QCD predicts Br(J/ψ → γννbar) = 1.00(9)(7)×10^-10, the Standard Model neutrino background for J/ψ → γ + invisible.
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Loop-Level Lepton Flavor Violation and Diphoton Signals in the Minimal Left-Right Symmetric Model
Recasting axion limits onto the one-loop H3 couplings of the minimal left-right symmetric model excludes the right-handed scale up to 2×10^9 GeV and could eventually probe 6×10^11 GeV.
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Positivity and partial wave unitarity bounds on ALP theories via amplitude methods
Complete partial-wave unitarity and positivity bounds are derived for ALP effective interactions up to dimension 8, with new SMEFT positivity constraints as a byproduct.
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Probing the coupling of axions to tops and gluons with LHC measurements
Using CONTUR reinterpretation of LHC data, the authors derive 2 sigma bounds on ALP-top and ALP-gluon couplings, with fa/c_t above about 200 GeV and fa/c_gluon above about 5 TeV.
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Comprehensive ALP Searches in Meson Decays
A new open-source tool, ALPaca, computes axion-like particle constraints from meson decays and finds that only the non-universal DFSZ model with large tan beta can explain the Belle II B+ to K+ plus missing energy exc...
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Flavor at FASER: Discovering Light Scalars Beyond Minimal Flavor Violation
Flavored scalar models with a Froggatt-Nielsen symmetry make D-meson decays a major production source for long-lived scalars at FASER/FASER2, with reach presented model-independently in branching fraction and lifetime...
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Time-delayed gamma-ray signatures of heavy axions from core-collapse supernovae
No gamma-ray excess from four supernovae in Fermi-LAT data yields the strongest constraints yet on MeV-to-GeV heavy axions coupled to both QED and QCD.
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A comprehensive study of ALPs from $B$-decays
The paper derives the complete two-loop flavor-changing coupling of axion-like particles to b and s quarks and uses it to set updated limits on f_a in KSVZ, DFSZ and Flaxion models.
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Renormalization of effective field theories via on-shell methods: the case of axion-like particles
Complete one-loop anomalous dimension matrix for a CP-violating ALP effective field theory, derived via on-shell unitarity methods and extended to dimension-6 SMEFT operators.
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Long-lived sterile neutrinos from axionlike particles at the Super Tau-Charm Facility
STCF can reach |V_eN|^2 values one to two orders of magnitude below current bounds for heavy neutral leptons via displaced-vertex searches from ALP decays in D-meson production.
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Could an axion-like particle be hidden in $\eta_c\to\gamma\gamma$?
The authors propose that an axion-like particle with mass about 2.98 GeV and width about 31 MeV may explain the discrepancy in eta_c to gamma gamma measurements and show it is not yet excluded.
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Probing ALP couplings to electroweak gauge bosons
Rare two-body meson decays give the strongest current bounds on the ALP-W coupling for light ALPs, with Z-boson decays and future lepton colliders extending the reach to heavier masses.
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Searching for long-lived particles from stopped pions and muons at the CiADS-BDE
Projected 5-year sensitivity of the proposed CiADS-BDE shows reach beyond current bounds for HNLs, electrophilic and LFV ALPs, and RPV light binos.
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Axions and Axion-like particles: collider searches
A pedagogical review of the ALP effective field theory, production and decay at colliders, indirect search strategies, and a summary of current bounds on the ALP-photon coupling.
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