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Have Faith in Faithfulness: Going Beyond Circuit Overlap When Finding Model Mechanisms

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arxiv 2403.17806 v2 pith:VIRGBTQS submitted 2024-03-26 cs.LG cs.CL

classification cs.LGcs.CL
keywords circuitsmodelcircuitfaithfulnessfoundinterventionsoverlapaims
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Many recent language model (LM) interpretability studies have adopted the circuits framework, which aims to find the minimal computational subgraph, or circuit, that explains LM behavior on a given task. Most studies determine which edges belong in a LM's circuit by performing causal interventions on each edge independently, but this scales poorly with model size. Edge attribution patching (EAP), gradient-based approximation to interventions, has emerged as a scalable but imperfect solution to this problem. In this paper, we introduce a new method - EAP with integrated gradients (EAP-IG) - that aims to better maintain a core property of circuits: faithfulness. A circuit is faithful if all model edges outside the circuit can be ablated without changing the model's performance on the task; faithfulness is what justifies studying circuits, rather than the full model. Our experiments demonstrate that circuits found using EAP are less faithful than those found using EAP-IG, even though both have high node overlap with circuits found previously using causal interventions. We conclude more generally that when using circuits to compare the mechanisms models use to solve tasks, faithfulness, not overlap, is what should be measured.

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Cited by 13 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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    CURE disentangles LLM recommendation circuits into forget-specific, retain-specific, and task-shared modules with tailored update rules to achieve more effective unlearning than weighted baselines.

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    Data-similarity and data-influence produce significantly overlapping rankings of training documents for LLM outputs, with asymmetry allowing a favorable cost-accuracy trade-off.

  5. Seeing Through Circuits: Faithful Mechanistic Interpretability for Vision Transformers

    cs.AI 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0 of 10

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  9. Efficient LLM Adversarial Training via Low-Rank Defense and Circuit-Guided Surrogates

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    Reasoning in large output spaces proceeds via shortlisting then fine-grained reasoning; this characterization enables a mechanistic distillation strategy that outperforms standard distillation.

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  12. $C$-$\Delta\Theta$: Circuit-Restricted Weight Arithmetic for Selective Refusal

    cs.CL 2026-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Selective refusal can be improved by editing only the small weight circuit found by EAP-IG, yielding offline checkpoints with low over-refusal.

  13. A Numerical PDEs Approach to Evolution Equations in Shape Analysis Based on Regularized Morphoelasticity

    math.NA 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Regularized morphoelasticity yields a high-order elliptic system for continuous shape evolution that is solved by mixed finite elements in FEniCSx within an LDDMM-style optimal-control growth model.

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