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Connecting fluctuation measurements in heavy-ion collisions with the grand-canonical susceptibilities
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We derive the relation between cumulants of a conserved charge measured in a subvolume of a thermal system and the corresponding grand-canonical susceptibilities, taking into account exact global conservation of that charge. The derivation is presented for an arbitrary equation of state, with the assumption that the subvolume is sufficiently large to be close to the thermodynamic limit. Our framework -- the subensemble acceptance method (SAM) -- quantifies the effect of global conservation laws and is an important step toward a direct comparison between cumulants of conserved charges measured in central heavy ion collisions and theoretical calculations of grand-canonical susceptibilities, such as lattice QCD. As an example, we apply our formalism to net-baryon fluctuations at vanishing baryon chemical potentials as encountered in collisions at the LHC and RHIC.
Forward citations
Cited by 3 Pith papers
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Critical net-proton number fluctuations with hydrodynamics
fRG critical fluctuations on hydrodynamic freeze-out hypersurfaces yield non-monotonic net-proton C4/C2 versus collision energy, absent in the HRG baseline.
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Baselines for Abelian Charge Fluctuations in Nuclear Collisions:Theory and Comparison with Experimental Data
Exact global baryon number conservation alone cannot reproduce STAR BES-II and HADES proton factorial cumulants; adding repulsive proton pairs at high energies and attractive triplets at low energies does, but with pa...
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