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Elementary gates for quantum computation

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arxiv quant-ph/9503016 v1 pith:WS2K6DPL submitted 1995-03-23 quant-ph cond-mathep-th

classification quant-phcond-mathep-th
keywords gatesnumberquantumrequiredbitsdeutsch-toffolielementaryinput
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal
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abstract

We show that a set of gates that consists of all one-bit quantum gates (U(2)) and the two-bit exclusive-or gate (that maps Boolean values $(x,y)$ to $(x,x \oplus y)$) is universal in the sense that all unitary operations on arbitrarily many bits $n$ (U($2^n$)) can be expressed as compositions of these gates. We investigate the number of the above gates required to implement other gates, such as generalized Deutsch-Toffoli gates, that apply a specific U(2) transformation to one input bit if and only if the logical AND of all remaining input bits is satisfied. These gates play a central role in many proposed constructions of quantum computational networks. We derive upper and lower bounds on the exact number of elementary gates required to build up a variety of two-and three-bit quantum gates, the asymptotic number required for $n$-bit Deutsch-Toffoli gates, and make some observations about the number required for arbitrary $n$-bit unitary operations.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

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