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SPHERE: the exoplanet imager for the Very Large Telescope

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arxiv 1902.04080 v2 pith:XPMV3CO4 submitted 2019-02-11 astro-ph.IM astro-ph.EP

classification astro-ph.IMastro-ph.EP
keywords designedexoplanetsimagerlargelightsphereadaptivecircumstellar
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Observations of circumstellar environments to look for the direct signal of exoplanets and the scattered light from disks has significant instrumental implications. In the past 15 years, major developments in adaptive optics, coronagraphy, optical manufacturing, wavefront sensing and data processing, together with a consistent global system analysis have enabled a new generation of high-contrast imagers and spectrographs on large ground-based telescopes with much better performance. One of the most productive is the Spectro-Polarimetic High contrast imager for Exoplanets REsearch (SPHERE) designed and built for the ESO Very Large Telescope (VLT) in Chile. SPHERE includes an extreme adaptive optics system, a highly stable common path interface, several types of coronagraphs and three science instruments. Two of them, the Integral Field Spectrograph (IFS) and the Infra-Red Dual-band Imager and Spectrograph (IRDIS), are designed to efficiently cover the near-infrared (NIR) range in a single observation for efficient young planet search. The third one, ZIMPOL, is designed for visible (VIR) polarimetric observation to look for the reflected light of exoplanets and the light scattered by debris disks. This suite of three science instruments enables to study circumstellar environments at unprecedented angular resolution both in the visible and the near-infrared. In this work, we present the complete instrument and its on-sky performance after 4 years of operations at the VLT.

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Cited by 9 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

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    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    AO imaging and a shape model indicate (44) Nysa's primary is a contact-trinary or highly irregular body with two colli, orbited by a ~1-km satellite.

  2. The origin of R CrA variability: A complex triple system hosting a disk

    astro-ph.SR 2019-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The 65.767-day brightness cycle of the Herbig AeBe star R CrA is best explained by a close binary (about 3.0 and 2.3 solar masses) partially hidden by a circumbinary disk, with secular dimming from disk precession.

  3. The GAPS Programme with HARPS-N at TNG LXXVII. Occurrence rates of small close-in planets in the presence of cold Jupiters

    astro-ph.EP 2026-07 accept novelty 6.0 of 10

    Occurrence rates of hot/warm/cool Neptunes and Super-Earths around cold-Jupiter hosts are ~5–16%, higher when the outer giant leaves a stable inner zone, with no strong ISP–CJ correlation at average metallicity.

  4. Dust production in the debris disk around HR 4796 A

    astro-ph.SR 2019-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Fitting ZIMPOL radial profiles with a radiation-pressure code shows HR 4796 A's small dust is released near the pericenter of an eccentric, narrow planetesimal ring.

  5. Spatially resolved spectroscopy of the debris disk HD 32297: Further evidence of small dust grains

    astro-ph.EP 2019-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    The debris disk HD 32297 has a gray-to-blue near-infrared spectrum, implying abundant sub-micron dust grains far below the blowout size, likely retained by gas.

  6. Physics-based model of the adaptive-optics corrected point-spread-function

    astro-ph.IM 2019-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A five-to-seven parameter phase-PSD-based model reproduces adaptive-optics PSFs with sub-1% relative error and retrieves the Fried parameter r0 from PSF fits.

  7. A catalogue of high angular resolution and contrast polarimetric maps of 45 nearby AGB stars with SPHERE/ZIMPOL

    astro-ph.SR 2026-08 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Uniformly reduced SPHERE/ZIMPOL polarization maps of 45 AGB stars reveal 16 resolved dust envelopes, three new, but the proposed target-selection criteria are partially circular and in-sample.

  8. High strehl and high contrast for the ELT instrument METIS -- Final design, implementation, and predicted performance of the single-conjugate adaptive optics system

    astro-ph.IM 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    The METIS SCAO final design is predicted to meet its Strehl and contrast requirements in end-to-end simulations, with robustness to combined error sources.

  9. Circumstellar and circumbinary discs in multiple stellar systems

    astro-ph.EP 2025-01 conditional novelty 1.0 of 10

    This review consolidates current knowledge on how stellar multiplicity shapes protoplanetary disc structure, dust evolution, and planet formation outcomes.

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