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Searching for ultra-light dark matter through frequency modulation of gravitational waves

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arxiv 2410.07330 v2 pith:YBPZLCWD submitted 2024-10-09 hep-ph gr-qc

classification hep-phgr-qc
keywords matterdarkultra-lightfieldgravitationalfrequencymodelswaves
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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Ultra-light bosons, naturally appearing in well-motivated extensions to the Standard Model, can constitute all the dark matter. Models with particle mass close to the smallest phenomenologically allowed exhibit coherent field configurations at (sub)galactic scales, oscillating at a frequency corresponding to the fundamental mass of the dark matter particle. The gravitational field of these structures inherits the dark matter field's coherent oscillations, leaving an imprint on gravitational (and electromagnetic) waves sourced close to (or in) such overdensities. This happens via a heterodyning frequency modulation, which can later be decoded in a gravitational-wave detector. An analogous effect occurs in models with universal (conformal) couplings of ultra-light bosons with ordinary matter, generated by the direct interaction with the oscillating field. In this work, we explore this phenomenon in detail and assess the capability of near-future interferometers to probe ultra-light dark matter and its potential conformal couplings to matter. Using astrophysical population models, together with results from cosmological simulations, we find that the observation of gravitational waves from spinning neutron stars at the Galactic Centre with the Einstein Telescope/Cosmic Explorer would be particularly effective in constraining ultra-light dark matter.

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Cited by 6 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

  1. Distinguishing Monochromatic Signals in LISA and Taiji: Ultralight Dark Matter versus Gravitational Waves

    hep-ph 2025-06 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Null-response interferometric channels can separate monochromatic ultralight dark matter signals from gravitational waves in LISA and Taiji, most effectively at high frequencies.

  2. Prospects for gravitational wave and ultra-light dark matter detection with binary resonances beyond the secular approximation

    gr-qc 2025-04 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    A non-secular perturbative treatment of binary orbits shows that resonant gravitational waves and ultra-light dark matter drive quadratic growth of the true anomaly perturbation, substantially boosting projected detec...

  3. Vortices and rotating solitons in ultralight dark matter

    astro-ph.CO 2025-01 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Rotating solitons in self-interacting ultralight dark matter form through a uniform vortex lattice, with a maximum radius about 1.59 times and a maximum rotation rate about 1.34 times the square root of the central density.

  4. Probing Self-Interacting Dark Matter via Gravitational-Wave Background from Eccentric Supermassive Black Hole Mergers

    astro-ph.GA 2025-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Eccentric supermassive black hole binaries embedded in self-interacting dark matter produce a suppressed nanohertz gravitational-wave background, and current PTA data bound the cross section at sigma/mchi less than ab...

  5. Bracketing the soliton-halo relation of ultralight dark matter

    astro-ph.CO 2025-04 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Numerical simulations and analytic equivalences show that the soliton-halo relation for ultralight dark matter is bracketed by the 1/2 relation as a lower bound and the 1/3 relation as an upper bound.

  6. Probing vector gravitational atoms with eccentric intermediate mass-ratio inspirals

    gr-qc 2024-11 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    Eccentric intermediate-mass-ratio inspirals around vector gravitational atoms acquire faster decay, stronger circularization, and negative periastron precession, making the cloud visible to LISA-like detectors.

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