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Robot Learning as an Empirical Science: Best Practices for Policy Evaluation

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arxiv 2409.09491 v2 pith:YHWFIQJM submitted 2024-09-14 cs.RO

Robot Learning as an Empirical Science: Best Practices for Policy Evaluation

classification cs.RO
keywords evaluationlittlephysicalsuccessanalysisbestconditionsdescription
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The robot learning community has made great strides in recent years, proposing new architectures and showcasing impressive new capabilities; however, the dominant metric used in the literature, especially for physical experiments, is "success rate", i.e. the percentage of runs that were successful. Furthermore, it is common for papers to report this number with little to no information regarding the number of runs, the initial conditions, and the success criteria, little to no narrative description of the behaviors and failures observed, and little to no statistical analysis of the findings. In this paper we argue that to move the field forward, researchers should provide a nuanced evaluation of their methods, especially when evaluating and comparing learned policies on physical robots. To do so, we propose best practices for future evaluations: explicitly reporting the experimental conditions, evaluating several metrics designed to complement success rate, conducting statistical analysis, and adding a qualitative description of failures modes. We illustrate these through an evaluation on physical robots of several learned policies for manipulation tasks.

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Cited by 15 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

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  2. PhAIL: A Real-Robot VLA Benchmark and Distributional Methodology

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  3. Betting for Sim-to-Real Performance Evaluation

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    Betting mechanisms can yield provably more accurate and efficient estimates of real-world robot behavior than Monte Carlo sampling under specified conditions, with practical approximations demonstrated on synthetic da...

  4. FELT: Generating Tactile Signals from Vision for Visuo-Tactile Manipulation

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    FELT predicts finger pressure maps from RGB images and uses them or their learned features to improve manipulation policies without real tactile sensors at deployment.

  5. Robot Critics that Sweat the Small Stuff

    cs.RO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Fine-tuning VLMs with pairwise progress supervision from policy rollouts improves fine-grained failure detection and boosts robot manipulation success by 11% real-world and 5.9% in simulation.

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    A neuro-symbolic system pairing LLMs for symbolic reasoning with neural delta controllers for execution delivers over 70% step reduction and up to 8.83x speedup in language-guided planar object manipulation while rema...

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  12. Active Real-World Factor-Based Evaluation for Generalist Robot Policies

    cs.LG 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

    An active evaluation framework selects the most informative task configurations for real-robot tests, matching random testing's accuracy in 20-40% fewer trials.

  13. A Careful Examination of Large Behavior Models for Multitask Dexterous Manipulation

    cs.RO 2025-07 accept novelty 5.0

    Multi-task pretraining of diffusion policies on diverse robot data produces more successful, robust, and data-efficient policies for dexterous manipulation than single-task baselines, with performance scaling with pre...

  14. Position: Good Embodied Reward Models Need Bad Behavior Data

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  15. Robustness of Robotic Manipulation: Foundations and Frontiers

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