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Modular zero modes and sewing the states of QFT

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arxiv 1911.11153 v4 pith:ZGIKY3XB submitted 2019-11-25 hep-th math-phmath.MPquant-ph

classification hep-thmath-phmath.MPquant-ph
keywords omegastatecdotslocallatticecollectioncomedensity
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abstract

We point out an important difference between continuum relativistic quantum field theory (QFT) and lattice models with dramatic consequences for the theory of multi-partite entanglement. On a lattice given a collection of density matrices $\rho^{(1)},\rho^{(2)}, \cdots, \rho^{(n)}$ there is no guarantee that there exists an $n$-partite pure state $|\Omega\rangle_{12\cdots n}$ that reduces to these marginals. The state $|\Omega\rangle_{12\cdots n}$ exists only if the eigenvalues of the density matrices $\rho^{(i)}$ satisfy certain polygon inequalities. We show that in QFT, as opposed to lattice systems, splitting the space into $n$ non-overlapping regions any collection of local states $\omega^{(1)},\omega^{(2)},\cdots \omega^{(n)}$ come from the restriction of a global pure state. The reason is that rotating any local state $\omega^{(i)}$ by unitary $U_i$ localized in the $i^{th}$ region we come arbitrarily close to any other local state $\psi^{(i)}$. We construct explicit examples of such local unitaries using the cocycle.

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  1. Uniqueness of null-local modular flow

    hep-th 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    For the free massless scalar in a Minkowski causal diamond, the vacuum is the unique state or weight in the vacuum sector whose modular flow is local on the null boundary.

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