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Variabilities of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows: Long-acting Engine, Anisotropic Jet or Many Fluctuating Regions?

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arxiv astro-ph/0409376 v2 pith:MUU7BTDV submitted 2004-09-15 astro-ph

Variabilities of Gamma-Ray Burst Afterglows: Long-acting Engine, Anisotropic Jet or Many Fluctuating Regions?

classification astro-ph
keywords afterglowsburstlimitstimescaleenginegamma-raymanyregions
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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We show that simple kinematic arguments can give limits on the timescale and amplitude of variabilities in gamma-ray burst (GRB) afterglows, especially when the variability timescale is shorter than the observed time since the burst \Delta t < t. These limits help us to identify the sources of afterglow variability. The afterglows of GRB 011211 and GRB 021004 marginally violate these limits. If such violation is confirmed by the Swift satellite, a possible explanation is that (1) the compact objects that power GRB jets continue to eject an intermittent outflow for a very long timescale (> 1 day), (2) the GRB jet from the central engine has a temporal anisotropy with a large brightness contrast > 10 and small angular structure < 10^{-2}, or (3) many (> 10^{3}) regions fluctuate simultaneously in the emitting site.

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Cited by 3 Pith papers

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    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 5.0

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  2. Early Multiwavelength Observations of AT 2026fgk: The Luminous Afterglow to Sub-luminous GRB 260310A, Identified Independently of a Gamma-ray Trigger

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 accept novelty 5.0

    First blind optical identification of a z=0.153 sub-luminous GRB afterglow with Ic-BL SN, yielding a volumetric rate consistent with on-axis high-luminosity long GRBs.

  3. Early Optical Follow-up of Gamma-Ray Bursts: The Critical Role of Robotic Telescopes

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    A review of early optical GRB features including prompt emission, reverse shocks, and afterglow onset, highlighting robotic telescopes' role in constraining jet Lorentz factors and magnetization.