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The giant X-ray outbursts in NGC 5905 and IC 3599: Follow-up observations and outburst scenarios

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arxiv astro-ph/9901141 v1 pith:ZTG5WMND submitted 1999-01-12 astro-ph

classification astro-ph
keywords outburstx-rayobservationsopticaldisruptioneventspectratidal
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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(abridged) Huge amplitude X-ray outbursts in a few galaxies were reported in the last few years. As one of the exciting possibilities to explain these observations, tidal disruption of a star by a supermassive black hole has been proposed. In the present paper, we perform a detailed discussion of this and other possible scenarios for the X-ray outburst in NGC 5905, and a comparison of NGC 5905 and IC 3599 in outburst as well as in quiescence. To this end we present (i) a thorough analysis of all ROSAT observations of NGC 5905, (ii) optical photometry of NGC 5905 quasi-simultaneous to the X-ray outburst, (iii) the first post-outburst optical spectra of NGC 5905 and high-resolution post-outburst spectra of IC 3599, and (iv) photoionization models for the high-excitation emission lines that were discovered in the optical outburst spectrum of IC 3599. The investigated outburst models include, besides the tidal disruption event, a supernova in dense medium, an accretion-disk instability, an event of extreme gravitational lensing, and the X-ray afterglow of a GRB. The optical spectra of both galaxies in quiescence are carefully examined for signs of permanent low-level Seyfert-activity. Whereas IC 3599 shows several signs of activity, none is revealed for NGC 5905. At present, and among the X-ray bursts, this makes NGC 5905 the only safe candidate for a tidal disruption event in an otherwise non-active galaxy. We briefly comment on a search for further highly variable objects on the basis of ROSAT observations. Several with factors 10-20 are found.

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Cited by 10 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 30 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. In the Eye of the Storm: The Third Giant X-ray Outburst of the Extreme Changing-look AGN IC 3599

    astro-ph.GA 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.5 of 10

    IC 3599's third factor>100 supersoft X-ray outburst, with candidate hours-scale QPO-like variability and dramatically brightened coronal lines, eliminates constant-interval models and supports radiation-pressure disk ...

  2. Two Earliest Optical-UV Tidal Disruption Events Hidden in the SDSS DR7 Catalog Unveiled by the Transformer-Based Spectrum Classifier

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    PCA-Transformer spectrum classifier recovers two new optical-UV TDEs from SDSS DR7, including the earliest known with occurrence before MJD 52316.

  3. IGR J12580+0134: A Possible Repeated Partial Tidal Disruption Event Inferred from Late-Time Radio Re-brightenin

    astro-ph.HE 2026-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    IGR J12580+0134 is proposed as a repeating partial tidal disruption event candidate, with two radio flares separated by ~1513 days and a possible third rebrightening.

  4. Insights from the "Red devil" AT 2022fpx: A Dust-reddened Family of Tidal Disruption Events Excluded by Their Apparent Red Color?

    astro-ph.HE 2025-07 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A persistently red nuclear transient that resembles a TDE, together with UV-inclusive SED fits of four known TDEs, indicates the blue-color selection test biases the optical TDE census and blackbody-based TDE energies...

  5. Modeling the UV/Optical light curve of re-brightening tidal disruption events

    astro-ph.HE 2024-12 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A two-flare model based on repeated partial disruptions of the same star reproduces the UV/optical light curves of AT 2022dbl and AT 2023adr and forecasts their third outbursts.

  6. Bolometric correction factor and radiative efficiency for the super-Eddington accretion flow in tidal disruption events

    astro-ph.HE 2026-07 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Radiation hydro simulations produce black hole mass and viewing angle dependent bolometric correction factors (tens to thousands) and radiative efficiencies (0.001-0.1) for super-Eddington TDE flows that alleviate the...

  7. A Suppressed Volumetric Rate of High-Luminosity Mid-Infrared Selected Tidal Disruption Events

    astro-ph.HE 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Mid-IR search of NEOWISE yields 10 TDEs above 3e43 erg/s with volumetric rate 1.2e-10 Mpc^-3 yr^-1, showing suppression at high luminosity explained by reduced TDE rate for larger black holes.

  8. A central tidal disruption event candidate in high redshift quasar SDSS J000118.70+003314.0

    astro-ph.GA 2024-12 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    SDSS J000118.70+003314.0, a z=1.4 quasar, shows a nine-year brightening and fading pattern that is modeled as a 1.9 solar-mass star tidally disrupted by a 6.5x10^7 solar-mass black hole.

  9. A Roadmap for Transient Hunters: Mapping Stellar Mass and Star Formation Rate Anisotropies in the Local Universe

    astro-ph.HE 2026-08 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    All-sky maps of stellar mass and star formation rate in the local universe, binned by telescope field-of-view and distance, provide optimized pointing priors for transient surveys.

  10. The Jetted Tidal Disruption Event AT2022cmc: Investigating Connections to the Optical Tidal Disruption Event Population and Spectral Subclasses Through Late-Time Follow-up

    astro-ph.HE 2025-06 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    The thermal component of the jetted TDE AT2022cmc aligns with the featureless luminous optical TDE class, strengthening a possible evolutionary connection between the two populations.

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