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Primordial Black Hole Formation during First-Order Phase Transitions

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arxiv astro-ph/9901293 v1 pith:3SV6DASK submitted 1999-01-21 astro-ph gr-qchep-ph

classification astro-phgr-qchep-ph
keywords densityduringphaseepsilonfirst-orderfluctuationsformationtransitions
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal

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abstract

Primordial black holes (PBHs) may form in the early universe when pre-existing adiabatic density fluctuations enter into the cosmological horizon and recollapse. It has been suggested that PBH formation may be facilitated when fluctuations enter into the horizon during a strongly first-order phase transition which proceeds in approximate equilibrium. We employ general-relativistic hydrodynamics numerical simulations in order to follow the collapse of density fluctuations during first-order phase transitions. We find that during late stages of the collapse fluctuations separate into two regimes, an inner part existing exclusively in the high-energy density phase with energy density $\epsilon_{\rm h}$, surrounded by an outer part which exists exclusively in the low-energy density phase with energy density $\epsilon_{\rm h}-L$, where $L$ is the latent heat of the transition. We confirm that the fluctuation density threshold $\delta\epsilon /\epsilon$ required for the formation of PBHs during first-order transitions decreases with increasing $L$ and falls below that for PBH formation during ordinary radiation dominated epochs. Our results imply that, in case PBHs form at all in the early universe, their mass spectrum is likely dominated by the approximate horizon masses during epochs when the universe undergoes phase transitions.

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Forward citations

Cited by 12 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. OpenAlex reports about 186 citations worldwide. Full citation record

  1. Corrections to Hawking radiation from asteroid-mass primordial black holes: analytic and numerical evaluation of the stochastic charge effect

    gr-qc 2026-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    The stochastic charge correction to Hawking e± emission, previously derived semi-classically, is shown here to arise from QED, with a net correction below 2%.

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    Semiclassical quantum corrections in critical collapse yield a finite mass gap and transition from classical Type II to quantum Type I behavior, providing a quantum enforcement of weak cosmic censorship.

  3. From Primordial Black Holes Abundance to Primordial Curvature Power Spectrum (and back)

    astro-ph.CO 2019-08 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

    Using numerical relativity thresholds, cosmological perturbation theory, and peak theory, the authors derive updated upper limits on the small-scale primordial curvature power spectrum from primordial black hole abund...

  4. Particle Production via Rippled Bubble Walls

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    A rippled bubble wall produces heavy particles resonantly when the momentum transfer matches the ripple frequency, potentially raising dark-matter abundance by orders of magnitude.

  5. Primordial Black Hole Formation via Inverted Bubble Collapse

    astro-ph.CO 2025-02 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    Isolated bubbles from an incomplete phase transition, inverted into false-vacuum regions by a later bulk transition, collapse into nearly monochromatic primordial black holes up to about 10^-5 solar masses.

  6. Primordial Black Holes from Cosmic Domain Walls

    astro-ph.CO 2019-08 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

    A two-field inflationary model with time-dependent domain wall tension produces primordial black holes with a narrow, spike-like mass function, potentially explaining all dark matter or LIGO merger events.

  7. Stochastic Evolution of Primordial Black Holes to near-extremality in EFTs of Gravity

    gr-qc 2026-02 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

    In EFT-modified gravity, about the same fraction of primordial black holes (24.6–24.9%) spin up to near-extremality as in GR (~24.7%), and those survivors carry ~10x enhanced near-horizon tidal forces.

  8. Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes in a Thermal Universe: A Thermofield Dynamics Approach

    hep-th 2025-12 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    Thermal bath corrections derived via thermofield dynamics enhance the evaporation rate of primordial black holes, shortening their lifetimes relative to zero-temperature calculations.

  9. Numerical simulations of density perturbation and gravitational wave production from cosmological first-order phase transition

    hep-ph 2025-02 unverdicted novelty 5.0 of 10

    3D simulations of cosmological first-order phase transitions find density perturbation spectra with k^3 and k^{-1.5} slopes and GW spectra with k^3 and k^{-2}, confirming slow transitions can produce PBHs.

  10. Exploring Gravitational Wave Signatures Due to Primordial Non-gaussianity and Large Scale Structure Using SKAO

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

    Explores SKAO detection of scalar-induced GW backgrounds as probes of primordial non-Gaussianity and parity violation, with LSS cross-correlation to improve SNR.

  11. Super-critical primordial black hole formation via delayed first-order electroweak phase transition

    hep-ph 2025-01 conditional novelty 4.0 of 10

    Delayed first-order electroweak phase transitions can form super-critical primordial black holes, and a timescale ratio t_H/t_V captures the threshold better than the standard density contrast.

  12. Constraints on Primordial Black Holes

    astro-ph.CO 2020-02 accept novelty 4.0 of 10

    Updated compilation shows PBHs are tightly constrained across 55 orders of magnitude in mass, ruling out dominant dark matter contributions except in narrow windows, with many limits carrying observational uncertainties.

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