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Violations of the Weak Energy Condition in Inflating Spacetimes

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Paper breakdownThe authors' claims, conditions and measurements, as JSON Signed receiptProof this review has not been altered
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Arvind Borde, Alex Vilenkin

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Submitted 10 Feb 1997

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim We argue that many future-eternal inflating spacetimes are likely to violate the weak energy condition.

how it is stated · hedged possibility 1.00 read the record →

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arXiv IDgr-qc/9702019 (version 1)
Pith IDDPLC3TNS, Pith's permanent record of this paper and its review
CitationAlex Vilenkin, Arvind Borde. "Violations of the Weak Energy Condition in Inflating Spacetimes." arXiv:gr-qc/9702019 (1997). https://pith.science/paper/DPLC3TNS
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The compiled record

The paper's own sentences, arranged. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.

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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 3,542 input tokens, $0.0001 reported.

What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.75 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.02 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.03 · compares with prior results 0.14 · mentions code or data availability 0.01.

The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v1. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We argue that many future-eternal inflating spacetimes are likely to violate the weak energy condition. It is possible that such spacetimes may not enforce any of the known averaged conditions either. If this is indeed the case, it may open the door to constructing non-singular, past-eternal inflating cosmologies. Simple non-singular models are, however, unsatisfactory, and it is not clear if satisfactory models can be built that solve the problem of the initial singularity.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We argue that many future-eternal inflating spacetimes are likely to violate the weak energy condition. result 0.70 0.72 0.81 hedged possibility 1.00
s1 It is possible that such spacetimes may not enforce any of the known averaged conditions either. interpretation 0.52 0.15 0.10 hedged possibility 1.00
s2 If this is indeed the case, it may open the door to constructing non-singular, past-eternal inflating cosmologies. interpretation 1.00 0.08 0.10 hedged possibility 0.98
s3 Simple non-singular models are, however, unsatisfactory, and it is not clear if satisfactory models can be built that solve the problem of the initial singularity. limitation 0.89 0.24 0.06 asserted 0.67

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: position or commentary 0.85 · evidence from argument 1.00.

What was examined, and what was not

sources read
  • arXiv listing abstract v1
not examined
  • full text
  • figures and tables
  • references and citing sentences
  • relations to other papers
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  • P abstract
not run
  • S sections
  • T body sentences
  • C citations
  • R cross-paper relations

Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

The paper
Original abstract

We argue that many future-eternal inflating spacetimes are likely to violate the weak energy condition. It is possible that such spacetimes may not enforce any of the known averaged conditions either. If this is indeed the case, it may open the door to constructing non-singular, past-eternal inflating cosmologies. Simple non-singular models are, however, unsatisfactory, and it is not clear if satisfactory models can be built that solve the problem of the initial singularity.

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References
How the literature uses it

6 arXiv papers cite this in 7 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

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