High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · arXiv:hep-ph/0403151 v1 · submitted 14 Mar 2004
Abnormal number of Nambu-Goldstone bosons in the color-asymmetric 2SC phase of an NJL-type model
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“Unlike that expectation, we find only three gapless diquark excitations of quark matter.”
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Abstract
We consider an extended Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model including both (q \bar q)- and (qq)-interactions with two light-quark flavors in the presence of a single (quark density) chemical potential. In the color superconducting phase of the quark matter the color SU(3) symmetry is spontaneously broken down to SU(2). If the usual counting of Goldstone bosons would apply, five Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons corresponding to the five broken color generators should appear in the mass spectrum. Unlike that expectation, we find only three gapless diquark excitations of quark matter. One of them is an SU(2)-singlet, the remaining two form an SU(2)-(anti)doublet and have a quadratic dispersion law in the small momentum limit. These results are in agreement with the Nielsen-Chadha theorem, according to which NG-bosons in Lorentz-noninvariant systems, having a quadratic dispersion law, must be counted differently. The origin of the abnormal number of NG-bosons is shown to be related to a nonvanishing expectation value of the color charge operator Q_8 reflecting the lack of color neutrality of the ground state. Finally, by requiring color neutrality, two massive diquarks are argued to become massless, resulting in a normal number of five NG-bosons with usual linear dispersion laws.
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abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review
How the main claim is stated: asserted 1.00
What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.03 · states limitation 0.47 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.07 · randomized assignment 0.01 · states quantitative result 0.96 · compares with prior results 0.75 · mentions code or data availability 0.01
The abstract, sentence by sentence
This table labels the abstract only (arXiv listing abstract v1). The number is the probability the classifier gave the label.
| Sentence | Role | The authors' own work | States the main conclusion | Strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| We consider an extended Nambu--Jona-Lasinio model including both (q \bar q)- and (qq)-interactions with two light-quark flavors in the presence of a single (quark density) chemical potential. | method 0.82 | 0.64 | 0.02 | asserted 0.87 |
| In the color superconducting phase of the quark matter the color SU(3) symmetry is spontaneously broken down to SU(2). | background 0.93 | 0.13 | 0.04 | asserted 1.00 |
| If the usual counting of Goldstone bosons would apply, five Nambu-Goldstone (NG) bosons corresponding to the five broken color generators should appear in the mass spectrum. | background 0.97 | 0.08 | 0.05 | asserted 0.52 |
| Unlike that expectation, we find only three gapless diquark excitations of quark matter. | result 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.70 | asserted 1.00 |
| One of them is an SU(2)-singlet, the remaining two form an SU(2)-(anti)doublet and have a quadratic dispersion law in the small momentum limit. | result 1.00 | 0.91 | 0.17 | asserted 1.00 |
| These results are in agreement with the Nielsen-Chadha theorem, according to which NG-bosons in Lorentz-noninvariant systems, having a quadratic dispersion law, must be counted differently. | interpretation 0.99 | 0.13 | 0.21 | asserted 0.78 |
| The origin of the abnormal number of NG-bosons is shown to be related to a nonvanishing expectation value of the color charge operator Q_8 reflecting the lack of color neutrality of the ground state. | interpretation 0.89 | 0.87 | 0.27 | asserted 1.00 |
| Finally, by requiring color neutrality, two massive diquarks are argued to become massless, resulting in a normal number of five NG-bosons with usual linear dispersion laws. | result 0.84 | 0.78 | 0.32 | hedged possibility 0.65 |
What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 1.00 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.90
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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 6,410 input tokens, $0.0003 reported.
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States the same result 1 paper
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Moreover, we have found in this phase an abnormal number of three, instead of five, Nambu--Goldstone bosons, together with a color doublet of light stable diquark modes and a color-singlet heavy diquark resonance with the mass $\sim$ 1100 MeV.
Pion, sigma-meson and diquarks in the 2SC phase of dense cold quark matter · 0.98
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