REVIEW
Two-loop light fermion contribution to Higgs production and decays
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 7 Apr 2004 · 24 references
Pith's verdict: A genuine first two-loop calculation with a secure 9% gluon-fusion number and a less secure -10% two-photon number that the abstract states without the caveat the text gives.
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Referee report
The paper
The paper claims
The light-fermion two-loop electroweak corrections to Higgs production and to the $H$ to two-photon and two-gluon widths are computed exactly, and they turn out large enough to matter: up to 9% below 160 GeV for gluon fusion, and about $-10
The reading
What carries the argument
The calculation is carried by a set of integrals the authors call Generalized Harmonic Polylogarithms (GHPLs). Ordinary harmonic polylogarithms are repeated integrals over the basis functions $1/(1+x)$, $1/x$ and $1/(1-x)$, and they suffice when a diagram's only thresholds sit at $0$ and $m^2$ or $0$ and $4m^2$. Here the relevant topologies develop thresholds at $q^2 = 0$, $m_W^2$ and $4m_W^2$, so the alphabet has to be enlarged with two more letters, $g(-4;x) = 1/(4+x)$ and $g(-r;x) = 1/sqrt{x(4+x)}$, the second of which is what generates the logarithm of $z = (sqrt{x+4}-sqrt{x})/(sqrt{x+4}+sqrt{x})$. The diagrams themselves are reduced to a small set of master integrals by two independent methods, then by integration-by-parts identities, and the masters are evaluated from differential equations in the external invariants; the results are continued to the physical region $s = m_H^2 > 0$ with the usual $+i epsilon$ prescription, $x to -y - i epsilon$.
Extended reading notes
Core claim
The authors compute the two-loop electroweak corrections induced by light fermions to $sigma(gg to H)$, $Gamma(H to gamma gamma)$ and $Gamma(H to gg)$, and present them as closed analytic expressions rather than as numerical fits. The gluon-fusion and $H to gg$ results are the same object up to a constant, since the decay width is fixed by the production cross section through $Gamma(H to gg) = 8 m_H^3 sigma(gg to H) / pi^2$, so one formula covers both. Written in units of $alpha/(2 pi s^2)(m_W^2/m_H^2)$ the correction is a sum of two structures, $A_1[w_H]$ from $W$ exchange and a $Z$-exchange term weighted by the fermion charges, with $w_H = m_W^2/m_H^2$ and $z_H = m_Z^2/m_H^2$. The resulting relative correction rises toward the opening of the two-$W$ threshold, reaching up to 9% of the lowest-order term for $m_H$ below 160 GeV, drops sharply once the threshold is passed, shows a small bump at the two-$Z$ threshold, and stays under 2% above 200 GeV. For $H to gamma gamma$ the light-fermion correction is small and negative below about 140 GeV, where it partly cancels the QCD correction, becomes large and negative as the two-$W$ threshold is approached, and reaches roughly $-10%$ of the lowest-order width above 160 GeV.
Load-bearing premise
The $H to gamma gamma$ amplitude contains a term proportional to $1/sqrt{1-4x}$ that blows up at the $W$-pair threshold $x = 1/4$, and the authors tame it by hand by replacing $m_W$ with $m_W - i Gamma_W/2$; the claim that the quoted numbers are physical in the threshold region rests on their qualitative statement that the result changes by less than 5% above 165 GeV and more below, which they themselves flag by saying results between 150 and 170 GeV should be taken with caution.
Editorial extensions
If this is right
- A complete electroweak correction to gluon fusion cannot be assembled from the large-$m_t$ limit alone, because the light-fermion piece alone reaches 9% of the one-loop result below 160 GeV.
- The $H to gamma gamma$ light-fermion correction and the QCD correction nearly cancel for $m_H$ around 120 GeV, leaving a total correction below 1%, which is why this channel stays a clean discovery mode in that window.
- Any future extraction of Higgs couplings from LHC rates in the intermediate mass region has to carry this correction, since it is comparable in size to the residual QCD uncertainty quoted for the same region.
- The GHPL machinery built here for thresholds at $m_W^2$ and $4m_W^2$ carries over to other two-loop electroweak amplitudes with the same threshold structure.
Reading between the lines
- Because the light-fermion piece is only one slice of the electroweak correction, the natural next step is the full two-loop electroweak amplitude; the size of this slice suggests the remaining pieces will not be uniformly small either.
- The same enlarged alphabet should be reusable for two-loop corrections to $H to Z gamma$ and to vector-boson-fusion channels, where the same $W$-pair threshold appears.
- If the gluon-fusion correction is confirmed at the several-percent level, then the standard practice of quoting a single QCD uncertainty band for $sigma(gg to H)$ understates the theory error budget in the 120 to 160 GeV window.
- The regulator dependence of the $H to gamma gamma$ result between 150 and 170 GeV is a concrete target: a calculation that keeps the full $W$ width in the propagator, rather than inserting it only in the square root, would settle whether the $-10%$ figure survives near threshold.
Original abstract
We compute the electroweak corrections due to the light fermions to the production cross section $\sigma(g g \to H)$ and to the partial decay widths $\Gamma (H \to \gamma \gamma)$ and $\Gamma (H \to g g)$. We present analytic results for these corrections that are expressed in terms of Generalized Harmonic Polylogarithms. We find that for the gluon fusion production cross section and for the decay width $\Gamma (H \to g g)$ the corrections are large in the Higgs mass region below 160 GeV where they reach up to 9% of the lowest order term. For the decay width $\Gamma (H \to \gamma \gamma)$ the corrections for Higgs mass above 160 GeV can reach $-$10% of the lowest order term.
The compiled record
The paper's own sentences, arranged, kept beside the review and separate from it. Each label is drawn from a closed vocabulary; the number beside it is the probability the classifier gave that label. Numbers in the tables are the authors', checked by code. No sentence in this record was written by a model.
The abstract, sentence by sentence
We compute the electroweak corrections due to the light fermions to the production cross section $\sigma(g g \to H)$ and to the partial decay widths $\Gamma (H \to \gamma \gamma)$ and $\Gamma (H \to g g)$. We present analytic results for these corrections that are expressed in terms of Generalized Harmonic Polylogarithms. We find that for the gluon fusion production cross section and for the decay width $\Gamma (H \to g g)$ the corrections are large in the Higgs mass region below 160 GeV where they reach up to 9% of the lowest order term. For the decay width $\Gamma (H \to \gamma \gamma)$ the corrections for Higgs mass above 160 GeV can reach $-$10% of the lowest order term.
background contribution method result interpretation main claim
| # | sentence | role | the authors' own work | states the main conclusion | strength |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| s0 | We compute the electroweak corrections due to the light fermions to the production cross section $\sigma(g g \to H)$ and to the partial decay widths $\Gamma (H \to \gamma \gamma)$ and $\Gamma (H \to g g)$. | contribution 1.00 | 0.96 | 0.07 | asserted 0.99 |
| s1 | We present analytic results for these corrections that are expressed in terms of Generalized Harmonic Polylogarithms. | contribution 0.52 | 0.95 | 0.06 | asserted 1.00 |
| s2 | We find that for the gluon fusion production cross section and for the decay width $\Gamma (H \to g g)$ the corrections are large in the Higgs mass region below 160 GeV where they reach up to 9% of the lowest order term. | result 1.00 | 0.97 | 0.36 | asserted 1.00 |
| s3 | For the decay width $\Gamma (H \to \gamma \gamma)$ the corrections for Higgs mass above 160 GeV can reach $-$10% of the lowest order term. | result 1.00 | 0.93 | 0.17 | asserted 0.74 |
What was examined, and what was not
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Figures
Figures reproduced from arXiv:hep-ph/0404071 by the authors.
References
How later papers used it
117 later papers cite it
1 later paper by other authors is listed below: 1 used its method or tool.
Uses its method or tool 1 of 22 papers with this label
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Included two-loop electroweak corrections from light-quark loops from the first two generations as given by this paper, in the complex mass scheme.
The NNLO gluon fusion Higgs production cross-section with many heavy quarks (2010) · 0.84 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting
How the literature uses it
117 arXiv papers cite this in 137 sentences
Papers citing it · 75 sentences without a confident label
Builds on it 1 paper
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Finally, the known SM results for the EW contributions [ref] are adapted to the MSSM by rescaling the Higgs couplings to top quarks and to gauge bosons.
Towards precise predictions for Higgs-boson production in the MSSM · Introduction · 0.85
Uses its method or tool 21 papers
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The code implements the full top and bottom-loop contributions at NLO in QCD from Refs. [ref] , NNLO-QCD top contributions in the heavy-top limit from Refs. [ref] , and electroweak contributions by light quarks from Refs. [ref] .
Prospects for Higgs physics at energies up to 100 TeV · The gluon fusion process · 0.98
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The production of the SM Higgs boson via gluon–gluon fusion (), via vector-boson fusion (), with an associated vector boson (, where $V$ is a $W$ or $Z$ boson), and with a top quark pair () was modelled with the Powheg-Box v2 Monte Carlo (MC) event generator [ref] .
Measurements of the Higgs boson inclusive and differential fiducial cross sections in the 4$\ell$ decay channel at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV · Theoretical predictions and event simulation · 1.00
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The cross sections for gluon–gluon fusion (ggF) production calculated with [ref] include next-to-leading-order (NLO) supersymmetric-QCD corrections [ref] , next-to-next-to-leading-order (NNLO) QCD corrections for the top quark [ref] , and light-quark electroweak effects [ref] .
Search for heavy Higgs bosons decaying into two tau leptons with the ATLAS detector using $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV · Introduction · 1.00
Uses its data or values 18 papers
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These include production via gluon–gluon fusion () [ref] , vector boson fusion () [ref] , associated production with a vector boson (, where $V = W, Z$) [ref] , associated production with a top-quark pair () [ref] , and associated production with a bottom-quark pair () [ref] .
Search for the Higgs boson decay to a $Z$ boson and a photon in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV and $13.6$ TeV with the ATLAS detector · Data and simulation samples · 0.95
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The sample is normalised to a N$^3$LO QCD calculation including NLO EW corrections [ref] .
Measurements of the Higgs boson production, fiducial and differential cross-sections in the four lepton decay channel using 164 fb$^{-1}$ of data collected at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS detector · Signal normalisation and branching ratios · 0.90
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The two-loop EW corrections to $σ(gg→H)$ in the SM were obtained in Refs. [ref] .
Probing the Higgs self coupling via single Higgs production at the LHC · Computation of the $C_1$ coefficients · 0.90
Cites it as background 21 papers
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Up to few years ago, mixed QCD-Electroweak corrections were known exactly only at LO [ref] , while NLO results were first computed using a HEFT approach [ref] , and later in a purely massless case [ref] .
Next-to-leading order mixed QCD-electroweak corrections to Higgs production at the LHC · Motivations · 0.95
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The 2-loop LO and 3-loop virtual NLO corrections to $gg →H$ have been computed in [ref] and [ref] , respectively, while the 1-loop LO quark-initiated contributions $qqgH$ and the related 1-loop real contributions $qqHgg$ and $qqHqq$ have been addressed in [ref] .
Mixed QCD-electroweak corrections to Higgs plus jet production at the LHC · Tensor structure decomposition · 0.84
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The combination of predictions at fixed order with threshold resummation (together with electroweak corrections [ref] , bottom and charm quark contributions through NLO and subleading mass corrections at NNLO [ref] ) provided the default predictions for the interpretation of Higgs production data in the LHC Run 1 [ref] .
High precision determination of the gluon fusion Higgs boson cross-section at the LHC · Introduction · 0.86
Discussion
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