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Dynamical SUSY Breaking at Meta-Stable Minima from D-branes at Obstructed Geometries

High Energy Physics - Theory · Submitted 20 Apr 2006 · 56 references

Pith's verdict: A solid, honest extension of ISS to massless-flavor quiver theories, with a reusable dimer technique for flavor D7-branes; the one-loop minimum is established at a symmetric point and the robustness argument has a gap, but the central claim holds.

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CitationAngel M .Uranga, Sebastian Franco. "Dynamical SUSY Breaking at Meta-Stable Minima from D-branes at Obstructed Geometries." arXiv:hep-th/0604136 (2006). https://pith.science/paper/DWVW2AKQ
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The paper

The paper claims

Massless quarks can still host a long-lived supersymmetry-breaking false vacuum, once extra massive flavors and a singlet are added.

The reading

The paper asks whether the Intriligator–Seiberg–Shih mechanism — in which light massive flavors turn a supersymmetric gauge theory into one with a long-lived, non-supersymmetric local minimum — survives when the theory also contains exactly massless quarks, as every quiver gauge theory from D-branes at a singularity does. The authors first show that plain SQCD with $N_{f,0} < N_c$ massless flavors plus extra massive flavors does *not* work: the meson block $X_0$ stays flat at one loop, so there is no local minimum. They then add a singlet $Sigma_0$ with a cubic coupling $g Tr Q_0 Sigma_0 tilde Q_0$, which lifts that flat direction at tree level and leaves a genuine meta-stable minimum whose pseudomoduli all acquire positive one-loop masses. The same structure is then identified in the quiver theory on fractional branes at the complex cone over $dP_1$ — the canonical example of a geometry with an obstructed complex deformation, where the unflavored theory runs away — and a D-brane construction of the extra flavors is given using D7-branes on non-compact 4-cycles, described efficiently with dimer diagrams. If correct, the result says that the class of fractional branes previously thought to be unusable for supersymmetry breaking can be stabilized, with a lifetime that can be made parametrically long.

What carries the argument

Three pieces carry the argument. First, the rank-condition mechanism for tree-level supersymmetry breaking: the F-term of the meson $Phi_{11}$ demands $tilde q_i q_j = mu^2 delta_{ij}$, whose right side has rank $N_{f,1}$ while the left side has rank at most $N = N_{f,1}-M$, so the condition cannot be met and the vacuum energy is $V_{min} = (N_{f,1}-N)|h^2 mu^4|$. Second, the singlet extension: the field $Sigma_0$ with coupling $g Tr Q_0 Sigma_0 tilde Q_0$ becomes, in the dual, a mass term $h mu_0 Tr Sigma_0 Phi_{00}$, which freezes the previously flat meson block $X_0$ to zero at tree level; this is exactly the direction that the one-loop potential failed to lift in the unextended model. Third, the one-loop Coleman–Weinberg computation, organized by decomposing the fluctuation Lagrangian into a sum of O'Raifeartaigh-like blocks, which yields the pseudomoduli mass matrix and shows that every classically flat direction except the Goldstones and the decoupled $Z_{12}$ receives a positive mass. On the string side, the machinery is the dimer diagram and its mirror Riemann surface: D7-branes correspond to non-compact 1-cycles stretching between punctures, the D3–D7 spectrum is read off from intersection numbers of those cycles with the 1-cycles of the gauge factors, and the 33–37–73 couplings come from disks bounded by the cycles.

Extended reading notes

Core claim

The central claim is that a flavored version of the $dP_1$ quiver gauge theory on fractional branes has a meta-stable, supersymmetry-breaking minimum at one loop, separated from the runaway to large fields by a potential barrier. The theory has $N_{f,0} = 2M$ massless flavors at node 3 against $N_c = 3M$ colors, so $N_{f,0} < N_c$, and $N_{f,1}$ extra massive flavors are added so that node 3 sits in the free magnetic range; Seiberg dualizing node 3 gives $SU(N_{f,1}-M)$ with $N = N_{f,1}-M$, and supersymmetry breaks at tree level by the rank condition, since $tilde q_i q_j = mu^2 delta_{ij}$ cannot be saturated by a rank-$N$ matrix when $N_{f,1} > N$. The one-loop Coleman–Weinberg potential at the maximally symmetric point $Phi_1 = x = x' = y = z = (theta+theta^*) = 0$ is computed explicitly and gives positive masses to all pseudomoduli, so the critical point is a local minimum. At large fields the theory reduces to the unflavored $dP_1$ dynamics, i.e. a runaway for $X_{12}, Y_{12}$, and the bounce action for decay out of the false vacuum is $S = |h|^{-26/3} |alpha_mu|^8 |epsilon|^{-4}$, independent of $M$ — so the lifetime can be made parametrically long by taking the flavor masses small relative to the Landau pole scale or by strengthening the singlet coupling. The paper also supplies the string realization: the extra flavors come from D7-branes wrapping non-compact holomorphic 4-cycles, and the flavor masses come from vevs in the D7–D7' sector, which correspond geometrically to recombining the intersecting 4-cycles into a single smooth cycle that misses the singularity.

Load-bearing premise

The one-loop Coleman–Weinberg computation that locates and certifies the meta-stable minimum assumes a canonical Kähler potential in the small-field region, and the authors flag in footnotes 11 and 12 that both the runaway picture and the one-loop potential rest on assumptions about that Kähler potential.

Editorial extensions

If this is right

  • Fractional branes at obstructed geometries, previously excluded as dynamical supersymmetry breaking candidates because their potentials run away to infinity, become viable once massive flavors are added: the runaway is pushed to large field values and a meta-stable trap appears at small field values.
  • The lifetime of the false vacuum can be tuned by two dials, the ratio $epsilon = mu/Lambda$ of flavor mass to Landau pole scale and the relative strength $alpha_mu = mu_0/mu$ of the singlet coupling, so the model can be made arbitrarily long-lived without changing the number of fractional branes.
  • The construction gives an explicit string embedding of the ISS proposal in a non-orbifold toric singularity, with the flavor masses arising from higher-dimensional D7–D7' moduli rather than being inserted by hand.
  • Because the necessary ingredients — $N_{f,0} < N_c$ at the dualized node and singlet fields with cubic couplings to the flavors — are general features of DSB fractional branes, the mechanism is expected to extend to other obstructed geometries such as the $dP_2$ and $dP_3$ theories.
  • The dimer technique gives a general recipe for adding flavor D7-branes to any toric singularity and reading off their effect on the D3-brane quiver, which is a tool independent of the supersymmetry-breaking application.

Reading between the lines

Editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • The paper's own structure suggests a sharp diagnostic: a quiver theory will admit an ISS-like meta-stable vacuum precisely when the node being dualized has a rank-condition mismatch and a singlet with a cubic coupling to its flavors. That criterion could be turned into a scan over the toric classification, giving a predicted list of which obstructed geometries do and do not work.
  • The unextended model's failure is instructive in a way the paper does not dwell on: the flat direction $X_0$ is a symptom of a global symmetry that the one-loop potential respects, so any deformation that explicitly breaks that symmetry at tree level — not only a cubic singlet — should produce the same effect. This suggests a broader family of fixes than the specific $Sigma_0$ construction.
  • The geometric picture of flavor masses as recombination of intersecting 4-cycles into a cycle away from the singularity is a candidate for a gravity-side statement: the mass deformation should correspond to a smoothing of the D7 configuration, which is a concrete target for a supergravity dual if one can be built.
  • If the remaining flat directions ($Z_{12}$ in the quiver, the saxion in the cascade embedding) turn out to be lifted at higher loops in a direction that lowers the potential, the meta-stable vacuum would be destabilized without any change to the one-loop computation. That makes the higher-loop fate of decoupled flat directions the decisive open question rather than the barrier height.
Original abstract

We study the existence of long-lived meta-stable supersymmetry breaking vacua in gauge theories with massless quarks, upon the addition of extra massive flavors. A simple realization is provided by a modified version of SQCD with N_{f,0} < N_c massless flavors, N_{f,1} massive flavors and additional singlet chiral fields. This theory has local meta-stable minima separated from a runaway behavior at infinity by a potential barrier. We find further examples of such meta-stable minima in flavored versions of quiver gauge theories on fractional branes at singularities with obstructed complex deformations, and study the case of the dP_1 theory in detail. Finally, we provide an explicit String Theory construction of such theories. The additional flavors arise from D7-branes on non-compact 4-cycles of the singularity, for which we find a new efficient description using dimer techniques.

The compiled record

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Compiled by classifier-1.13-20260917 via OpenRouter, question bank abstract-p1-20260923, 2026-09-23: 1 request, 4,974 input tokens, $0.0002 reported.

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The abstract, sentence by sentence

arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; .

We study the existence of long-lived meta-stable supersymmetry breaking vacua in gauge theories with massless quarks, upon the addition of extra massive flavors. A simple realization is provided by a modified version of SQCD with N_{f,0} < N_c massless flavors, N_{f,1} massive flavors and additional singlet chiral fields. This theory has local meta-stable minima separated from a runaway behavior at infinity by a potential barrier. We find further examples of such meta-stable minima in flavored versions of quiver gauge theories on fractional branes at singularities with obstructed complex deformations, and study the case of the dP_1 theory in detail. Finally, we provide an explicit String Theory construction of such theories. The additional flavors arise from D7-branes on non-compact 4-cycles of the singularity, for which we find a new efficient description using dimer techniques.

background contribution method result interpretation main claim

What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#sentencerolethe authors' own workstates the main conclusionstrength
s0 We study the existence of long-lived meta-stable supersymmetry breaking vacua in gauge theories with massless quarks, upon the addition of extra massive flavors. contribution 0.96 0.88 0.21 asserted 0.46
s1 A simple realization is provided by a modified version of SQCD with N_{f,0} < N_c massless flavors, N_{f,1} massive flavors and additional singlet chiral fields. contribution 0.75 0.81 0.10 asserted 0.93
s2 This theory has local meta-stable minima separated from a runaway behavior at infinity by a potential barrier. result 0.97 0.69 0.25 asserted 1.00
s3 We find further examples of such meta-stable minima in flavored versions of quiver gauge theories on fractional branes at singularities with obstructed complex deformations, and study the case of the dP_1 theory in detail. contribution 0.73 0.95 0.20 asserted 1.00
s4 Finally, we provide an explicit String Theory construction of such theories. contribution 0.98 0.94 0.14 asserted 1.00
s5 The additional flavors arise from D7-branes on non-compact 4-cycles of the singularity, for which we find a new efficient description using dimer techniques. contribution 0.50 0.93 0.07 asserted 1.00

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: theoretical result 0.99 · evidence from proof or derivation 0.96.

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Every quoted sentence on this record is the authors'. Every label is from Pith's closed vocabulary, with the probability shown beside it. Every number in the measurements table is the authors', checked by code. Record as JSON

Figures
Figure 1. A triangular potential barrier. We define the quantities ∆φ± = ±(φT −φ±) and ∆V± = (VT −V±). A triangular barrier is a good approximation in cases in which the gradient of the potential is approximately constant at both sides of the peak. In this case, S ∼ |(∆φ+) 2 − (∆φ−) 2 | 2 ∆V+ (2.29) Modeling the barrier should be done in slightly different way from the SQCD with light flavors case [27], since in this case there is a runaway and the potential does not vanish at finite values of the fields. The slope of our potential becomes progressively smaller as Σ0 → ∞. A cartoon of the…
Figure 2. Sketch of the potential along the bounce trajectory and the triangular barrier we use to model it. is also of order |h 2µ 4 |. At the level of the estimations we are making, the calculation we perform would also correspond to an alternative criterion: assuming that V (φ−) = 0 (for φ− as just defined) thus underestimating the barrier and producing a lower bound for the bounce action. Taking the simple ansatz Σ0 = σ01Nf ,0 , we obtain V ∼
Figure 3. Quiver diagram for M fractional branes in the complex cone over dP1. The superpotential is given by W = λ ( X23X31Y12 − X23Y31X12 ) (3.1) with obvious notation. Here and in what follows, traces over color indices are implicit. We have introduced a dimensionless coupling λ, which is equal for both terms since they are related by an SU(2) global symmetry. This theory develops a non-perturbative superpotential which removes the supersym￾metric minimum [21, 22, 23]. Indeed, the theory has a runaway towards infinity 11 [22], see [24] for a detailed discussion. The runaway can be easily…
Figure 4. Extended quiver diagram for a dP1 theory with flavors. where for simplicity we assume the same coupling λ ′ for all terms. We also introduce mass terms Wm = m3 Q3iQ˜ k3δik + m2 Q2jQ˜ i2δji + m1 Q1kQ˜ j1δkj (4.2) Although we work with independent masses, the general results are valid in the simpler situation of equal masses. Note that since the mass terms mix the global symmetries of the different D7-branes, we stop using different indexes for them. We would like to introduce a number Nf,1 of flavors such that the SU(3M) node is in the free magnetic phase. This corresponds to Nc +
Figure 5. Quiver diagram for the dP1 theory with flavors after dualization. Notice that the number of colors for nodes 1,2 and 3 are M, 2M and Nf,1 − M. Since D7-branes are mixed after dualization, we represent them with a single white circle. 23
Figure 6. Two possible extended quivers corresponding to consistent sets of D7-branes in the dP1 theory. The above different possibilities lead, at the level of the quiver for the fractional branes, to the same spectrum of flavors, but differ in the superpotential couplings involving the latter. For the sake of concreteness we will concentrate on one particular example, leading to the gauge theory studied in previous section, others can be worked out similarly. The configuration has 2M copies of the following set of D7-branes in class b, leading to 2M additional flavors for nodes 1, 2 and 3…
Figure 7. a) Quiver diagram for flavored dP1 with M regular D3-branes and M D5-branes. b) The theory on the baryonic branch. This theory, without the fundamental flavors, has been already investigated in [23], to which we refer the reader for details. We are interested in the situation in which the dynamics of node 4 becomes dominant. Since our choice of D7-branes is such that node 4 has no fundamental flavors, the discussion in [23] applies without changes. Since node 4 has an equal number of colors and flavors it has a quantum modified moduli space that is realized by adding the constraint…
Figure 8. The one-loop effective potential in arbitrary units as a function of Φ0 for Y 6= 0 and Φ1 = Y˜ = θ = 0. In principle, it is still possible that δΦ0 becomes massive at higher loops, producing a meta-stable minimum (probably with a much smaller potential barrier) at small expectation values for the fields. We do not consider this possibility but explore a different direction in Section 2.3. The most economical way to lift this flat direction classically is by considering a modified toy model, with the addition to the electric theory of a neutral field Σ0 with cubic coupling to…
Figure 9. shows the behavior of m2 y = m2 z as a function of h1/h. 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 h1h 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 my 2mx 2
Figure 10. Three basic 4-cycles in the dP0 theory. (punctured) Riemann surface Σ whose skeleton is the web diagram. This Riemann surface can be obtained by considering the zig-zag paths of the dimer diagram, which provide a tiling of Σ where faces correspond to zig-zag paths, and their adjacency can be read from the dimer diagram. In
Figure 11. Dimer and zig-zag paths in the dP0 theory. In this mirror picture, the different D3-brane gauge factors arise from D6-branes on compact 3-cycles, which are encoded in non-trivial compact 1-cycles in Σ. Amusingly, these are zig-zag paths of the tiling of Σ. Moreover, the bifundamental chiral multiplets arise from intersections of these 3-cycles, and their superpotential couplings arise from disks bounded by the 1-cycles. The 1-cycles associated with the three D3-brane gauge factors are shown in
Figure 12. Mirror Riemann surface for the dP0 theory. Sides in this picture are identified so that the topology of Σ is that of a (punctured) genus 1 Riemann surface. Punctures are located in the middle of the faces in the picture. The fact that the tiling of Σ is similar to the original brane tiling is a property of del Pezzo theories, and not valid for a general singularity. and recover the quiver diagram for the dP0 theory, shown in
Figure 13. Quiver for the dP0 theory. 1 1 1 2 3 8 9 12 2 5 6 7 8 11 12 2 6 7 8 9 12 A B B B C C C 3 1 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 8 9 10 11 A B B B C C C Factor 1: (1,1) Factor 1: (−2,1) Factor 3: (1,−2) 7 11 10 3 4 5 4 4 5 10 9 10 11 12 1 6 5 6 7 7 6 11 12 1 12 1 4 5 6 7 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 9 11 10 12 4 56 7 10 12 11 A B B B C C C 8 9 2 1 3 2 8 9 7 3 2 1 8
Figure 14. The 1-cycles for the three D3-brane gauge factors in the dP0 theory. 44
Figure 15. Disks corresponding to the cubic couplings in the superpotential of the dP0 theory. It is now easy to describe the D7-branes in this picture. In the mirror geometry, they cor￾respond to D6-branes wrapped on non-compact 3-cycles. These correspond to non-compact 1-cycles in Σ, which come from infinity at one puncture and go to infinity at another punc￾ture 20 (so in the web diagram they are naturally associated with non-compact faces spanned by the corresponding legs). An intuitive picture of the 1-cycles in Σ associated with D3 and D7-branes is shown in
Figure 16. Intuitive picture of the 1-cycles in Σ associated with D3 and D7-branes. The origin of the Chan-Paton multiplicity is clear in this description. As one can see in
Figure 17. Different 1-cycles corresponding to the mirrors of D7-brane 4-cycles for the dP0 theory. The segments represent 1-cycles stretched between the punctures located at the position of the face labels. It is easy to obtain the 3-7 spectrum of chiral multiplets by simply computing the intersection numbers of the 1-cycles associated with the D7-brane of interest, and the 1- cycles associated with the gauge factors of the D3-branes. This gives rise to the extended quivers in
Figure 18. Extended quiver for the dP0 theory with D7-branes. Notice that different D7-branes on the same 4-cycle but with different choice of Chan￾Paton factors lead to different D3-D7 spectrum. Also notice that different D7’s can give rise 46
Figure 19. Disks corresponding to 33-37-73 interactions in the dP0 theory. Recall that each edge in the tiling of Σ corresponds to a bi-fundamental multiplet in the 33 sector. Hence our example illustrates that for each such bi-fundamental there is a possible supersymmetric D7-brane, given by the 1-cycle crossing the edge. Moreover, a little thought on the above pictures reveals that a bi-fundamental Φij = ( i , j ) is associated with a D7-brane whose 73 and 37 sectors transform as i and j respectively, and that there is a 33-37-73 interaction between the three fields. These features follow…
Figure 20. Examples of interactions 37i − 7i7j − 7j3 in the dP0 theory. B B C C C A B a c
Figure 21. The non-trivial interaction 37i − 7i7 ′ i − 7 ′ i 3, which can be shown to exist using orbifold techniques, is not manifest as a disk in the mirror Riemann surface. 48
Figure 22. (a) Dimer diagram and zig-zag paths in the dP1 theory. (b) Web diagram. The mirror Riemann surface is shown in
Figure 23. Mirror Riemann surface for the dP1 theory. The fact that it comes out to be similar to the original brane tiling is a property of del Pezzo theories, and not valid for a general singularity. Factor 1: (−2,1) Factor 2: (1,1) Factor 3: (0,−1) Factor 4: (1,−1) B B B C C C A D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 1 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 10 11 12 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B B B C C C A D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 1 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 10 11 12 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B B B C C C A D 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 2 1 3 4 5 6 8 7 9 10 11 12 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 B B B C C C A D 1 2 3 4…
Figure 24. The 1-cycles for the four D3-brane gauge factors in the dP1 theory. and the resulting extended quivers are shown in
Figure 25. Quiver diagram for the dP1 theory. B B B C C C A D B B B C C C A D 1 4 3 2 4 2 3 1 AB) CA) AD) BC) DB) CD) B B B C C C D A 4 2 3 1 B B C C A D B C 4 2 1 3 B B C C C A D B B B B C C C A D 4 2 3 1 4 2 3 1 PSfrag replacements ΣAB ΣAB ΣCA ΣCA Σ ′ CA Σ ′ CA ΣAD ΣAD ΣBC ΣBC Σ ′ BC Σ ′ BC Σ ′′ BC Σ ′′ BC ΣDB Σ ΣDB ′ DB Σ ′ DB ΣCD ΣCD X31 Y31 X24 Y24 X12 Y12 Z12 X43 X23 X41
Figure 26. The 1-cycles and extended quivers for different kinds of D7-branes in the dP1 theory. In the quiver we have indicated the 33 bi-fundamental which couples to the corresponding 37 and 73 states. choices of D3-brane gauge factors. In
Figure 27. D3 and D7-branes in the dP1 theory studied in Section 4. For each D3-brane gauge factor we have shown the D7-branes leading to the corresponding flavors. References [1] J. M. Maldacena, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 231 (1998) [Int. J. Theor. Phys. 38, 1113 (1999)] [arXiv:hep-th/9711200]. [2] S. S. Gubser, I. R. Klebanov and A. M. Polyakov, Phys. Lett. B 428, 105 (1998) [arXiv:hep￾th/9802109]. [3] E. Witten, Adv. Theor. Math. Phys. 2, 253 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802150]. [4] S. Kachru and E. Silverstein, Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4855 (1998) [arXiv:hep-th/9802183]. [5] I. R. Klebanov and E.…

Figures reproduced from arXiv:hep-th/0604136 by the authors.

References
How later papers used it

47 later papers cite it

Evidence: substantial. 37 of the citing papers share no author with it, and 9 of those carry a confident label from Pith's citation classifier.

Pith read 23 of the 92 citing sentences, choosing only those whose citation markers point at this paper alone, and wrote the paraphrases from them. The summary, the counts, the evidence level, the links and the quotes come from code; the summary counts the papers listed below. A later paper is listed under a label when Pith's citation classifier gives one of its sentences that label at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), Pith's reading finds that the citing paper itself did it, and a second check confirms the paraphrase against the sentence. This section lists uses only. It does not list criticism or disagreement, so their absence here says nothing about how the paper has been received. Papers that share an author with this one are listed apart, under "By the same authors". A quote is the citing authors' own sentence, shown when their paper's licence is CC BY, CC BY-SA or CC0. JSON

Uses its method or tool 1 of 4 papers with this label
  • Reviewed the technique introduced in this paper to add D7 branes to toric quiver gauge theories and to extract the interaction superpotential.

    Pseudomoduli Dark Matter and Quiver Gauge Theories (2009) · 0.92 · paraphrased: the licence does not allow quoting

How the literature uses it

47 arXiv papers cite this in 92 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 57 sentences without a confident label

Builds on it 1 paper
Uses its method or tool 4 papers
Compares with it 5 papers
Cites it as support 1 paper
Cites it as background 21 papers
  • We refer the reader to [ref] , and also to later sections, for more details on the construction of the theory, and in particular on the introduction of the D7-branes.

    Supersymmetry breaking metastable vacua in runaway quiver gauge theories · The complex cone over $dP_1$ · 0.96

  • Known examples describe supersymmetry breaking into metastable vacua (see [ref] and many other constructions thereafter) or runaway behavior, where the theory breaks supersymmetry dynamically but it does not enjoy a vacuum at finite distance in the space of field VEVs [ref] , very much like massless SQCD with a small number of flavors.

    Dimers, Orientifolds and Stability of Supersymmetry Breaking Vacua · Introduction · 0.96

  • The existence of long living metastable vacua [ref] seems by now a rather generic phenomenon in large classes of supersymmetric gauge theories [ref] .

    Meta-stable A_n quiver gauge theories · Introduction · 0.93

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