The authors reformulate the equations of motion for AdS_D × I solutions in axio-dilaton gravity as a first-order autonomous dynamical system, identify fixed points and analytic solutions for arbitrary D including in type IIB, and discuss numerical flows in massive IIA.
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Dark energy from string theory: an introductory review
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abstract
Dark energy, the main constituent in our expanding universe, responsible for its acceleration, is currently being observed with unprecedented precision through various experiments. While several cosmological models can fit this latest data, deriving some of them from string theory would provide a valuable theoretical prior, with information on the nature of dark energy. This article reviews the efforts towards such a derivation, namely the options from string theory to get a cosmological constant (a de Sitter solution) or a dynamical dark energy (via a quintessence model). After providing a brief historical perspective, we first review proven or conjectured constraints on obtaining dark energy from string theory, in classical or asymptotic regimes. Circumventing such obstructions, by changing regime or ansatz, one can try to construct a de Sitter solution: we present a long list of such attempts, and the difficulties encountered. Among them, we discuss in detail efforts towards classical de Sitter solutions. Then, we review quintessence from string theory, focusing on single-field exponential models. Related topics are discussed, including the coupling to matter, the comparison to observational data, and the absence of a cosmological event horizon.
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background 4representative citing papers
New analytic AdS9 solutions in type IIB with finite action and central charge, numerical massive IIA solutions with diverging action, and perturbative dS9 solutions are constructed in type II supergravities.
In type IIB/F-theory models, axion-scalar systems in finite distance limits produce trajectories of infinite length that drive asymptotic cosmic acceleration.
An analytic bound on axion parameters in thawing quintessence is derived independently of initial conditions and used with cosmological observations plus quantum gravity constraints to exclude large regions of axion dark energy parameter space.
A late-onset oscillating quintessence model improves the fit to DESI plus supernova and CMB data by Delta chi squared of about 9 over Lambda CDM, driven by background expansion.
Introduces Fractional Holographic Dark Energy (FHDE) via fractionally corrected entropy from a modified Wheeler-DeWitt equation and studies its late-time cosmology, field reconstructions, and extensions to modified gravity theories.
A perturbative stabilization mechanism in the Large Volume Scenario for K3-fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds generates exponentially large 2D base volumes while keeping the 4D fibre small, enabling ADD or Dark Dimension limits with possible dS or quintessence vacua.
α-attractor quintessence models approximate axion-like potentials and fit DESI dynamical dark energy data, preferring α of order 1 via a simple fa-α relation.
The paper verifies the bound fS/|n| ≤ (π/(2 κ_d)) sqrt((d-1)/(d-2)) for axion instantons and sharpens it to fS/|n| ≤ (1/κ_4) sqrt(7/2) for supersymmetric 4d instantons using three approaches in the string landscape.
Perturbative string theory forbids de Sitter times closed manifold solutions under the assumption that the Euclidean sphere partition function receives a nonzero 1/G_N contribution.
The dark bubble model realizes the dark dimension and fat graviton proposals by predicting a micron-sized extra dimension, gravity weakening at that scale, a tens-of-TeV string scale, and measurable positive spatial curvature.
A review of string-inspired dynamical dark energy models claiming compatibility with DESI's hints of evolving dark energy under swampland constraints.
citing papers explorer
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$\text{AdS}_D\times I$ solutions in axio-dilaton gravity
The authors reformulate the equations of motion for AdS_D × I solutions in axio-dilaton gravity as a first-order autonomous dynamical system, identify fixed points and analytic solutions for arbitrary D including in type IIB, and discuss numerical flows in massive IIA.
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AdS$_9$ solutions in type II supergravities
New analytic AdS9 solutions in type IIB with finite action and central charge, numerical massive IIA solutions with diverging action, and perturbative dS9 solutions are constructed in type II supergravities.
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Axion-Scalar Dynamics: from the Distance Conjecture to Cosmic Acceleration
In type IIB/F-theory models, axion-scalar systems in finite distance limits produce trajectories of infinite length that drive asymptotic cosmic acceleration.
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Bounding axion dark energy
An analytic bound on axion parameters in thawing quintessence is derived independently of initial conditions and used with cosmological observations plus quantum gravity constraints to exclude large regions of axion dark energy parameter space.
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Late-Time Oscillating Quintessence in Light of DESI
A late-onset oscillating quintessence model improves the fit to DESI plus supernova and CMB data by Delta chi squared of about 9 over Lambda CDM, driven by background expansion.
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An Interplay Between Fractional Calculus and Holographic Dark Energy
Introduces Fractional Holographic Dark Energy (FHDE) via fractionally corrected entropy from a modified Wheeler-DeWitt equation and studies its late-time cosmology, field reconstructions, and extensions to modified gravity theories.
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Moduli Stabilisation for ADD and the Dark Dimension Scenario
A perturbative stabilization mechanism in the Large Volume Scenario for K3-fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds generates exponentially large 2D base volumes while keeping the 4D fibre small, enabling ADD or Dark Dimension limits with possible dS or quintessence vacua.
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Quintessential $\alpha$-attractors fit DESI
α-attractor quintessence models approximate axion-like potentials and fit DESI dynamical dark energy data, preferring α of order 1 via a simple fa-α relation.
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Sharpening the Supersymmetric Axion Weak Gravity Conjecture
The paper verifies the bound fS/|n| ≤ (π/(2 κ_d)) sqrt((d-1)/(d-2)) for axion instantons and sharpens it to fS/|n| ≤ (1/κ_4) sqrt(7/2) for supersymmetric 4d instantons using three approaches in the string landscape.
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de Sitter in String Theory vs. Gibbons & Hawking
Perturbative string theory forbids de Sitter times closed manifold solutions under the assumption that the Euclidean sphere partition function receives a nonzero 1/G_N contribution.
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Dark bubbles, dark dimensions and fat gravitons
The dark bubble model realizes the dark dimension and fat graviton proposals by predicting a micron-sized extra dimension, gravity weakening at that scale, a tens-of-TeV string scale, and measurable positive spatial curvature.
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Breaking Free from the Swampland of Impossible Universes through the DESI Portal
A review of string-inspired dynamical dark energy models claiming compatibility with DESI's hints of evolving dark energy under swampland constraints.