LHCb reports the first experimental evidence for the Bs0 to K- pi+ gamma decay with 3.5 sigma significance and measures its branching fraction ratio to the B0 decay in two mass ranges.
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PHOTOS Interface in C++; Technical and Physics Documentation
Tool reference. 76% of classified Pith citations use this work as a method, library, or software dependency, not as a substantive claim.
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abstract
For five years now, PHOTOS Monte Carlo for bremsstrahlung in the decay of particles and resonances has been available with an interface to the C++ HepMC event record. The main purpose of the present paper is to document the technical aspects of the PHOTOS Monte Carlo installation and present version use. A multitude of test results and examples are distributed together with the program code. The PHOTOS C++ physics precision is better than its FORTRAN predecessor and more convenient steering options are also available. An algorithm for the event record interface necessary for process dependent photon emission kernel is implemented. It is used in Z and W decays for kernels of complete first order matrix elements of the decays. Additional emission of final state lepton pairs is also available. Physics assumptions used in the program and properties of the solution are reviewed. In particular, it is explained how the second order matrix elements were used in design and validation of the program iteration procedure. Also, it is explained that the phase space parametrization used in the program is exact.
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representative citing papers
LHCb reports the first upper limits on B0 → K+π−τ+τ− and Bs0 → K+K−τ+τ− branching fractions, with recast limits of 2.8×10−4 on B0 → K*(892)0 τ+τ− at 95% CL that improve prior bounds by an order of magnitude.
First observation of CP violation in B+ to rho(770)^0 K*(892)+ decays with A_CP = 0.507 and longitudinal polarization fraction f_L = 0.720 from 9 fb^-1 of LHCb data.
First evidence for B_s^0 to phi eta-prime decay with relative branching ratio (3.56 ± 0.79 ± 0.18 ± 0.06) x 10^{-2} and absolute branching fraction (0.66 ± 0.15 ± 0.03 ± 0.02) x 10^{-6}.
First observation of Λ_b^0 → Λ p p-bar with 5.1σ significance and relative branching fraction (5.1 ± 1.3(stat) ± 0.3(syst)) × 10^{-2} to the reference mode Λ_b^0 → Λ K^+ K^-.
LHCb observes 3.2 sigma evidence for B+ -> pi+ e+ e- with measured branching fraction (2.4 +0.9 -0.8 +0.4 -0.2) x 10^-8, consistent with Standard Model.
First measurement of A_FB and F_H in B+→π+μ+μ− decay is consistent with Standard Model predictions in both high- and low-mass dimuon regions.
Complete one-loop QED and electroweak corrections to D_s^+ leptonic decays give |V_cs| = 0.991 ± 0.007 from latest data, aligning second-column CKM unitarity with the Standard Model.
Differential W to muon neutrino cross-section measurement at 5.02 TeV with proof-of-principle W mass extraction from corrected distributions.
First differential cross-sections for γγ→ττ in Pb+Pb collisions yield 95% CL intervals -0.057 < a_τ < 0.035 and |d_τ| < 2.7×10^{-16} e cm.
Relative branching fraction B(B0 → Λc+ Λc- KS0)/B(B+ → Λc+ Λc- K+) measured as 0.53 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 with 3.9σ evidence for Ξc(2923)+ and Ξc(2939)+ resonances consistent with isospin partners.
A joint fit to LHCb B to D h decays and BESIII quantum-correlated D Dbar data yields gamma = 71.3 plus or minus 5.0 degrees, the most precise measurement to date.
A novel model-independent approach with per-event phase-space weights on combined BESIII and LHCb data measures the CKM angle γ as (71.3 ± 5.0)° in B± → D(→ K0S h'+h'-) h± decays.
No significant excess observed in search for SUEP signatures with muons; exclusion limits set on mediator cross section times branching fraction down to 0.05 fb at 750 GeV.
Charged-hadron distributions in heavy-flavor jets differ from light-quark jets in ways consistent with dead-cone suppression and hard fragmentation of the heavy hadron.
No evidence for KS0 or KL0 to pi+ pi- mu+ mu- decays; first upper limits set at 1.4e-9 and 6.6e-7 (90% CL).
R_K*0 is measured as 1.08^{+0.14}_{-0.12}(stat) ± 0.07(syst) for q² > 14 GeV²/c⁴ in B⁰ → K*⁰ ℓ⁺ℓ⁻ decays, consistent with the Standard Model.
No signal observed for B+ → π+ μ± e∓; branching fraction upper limit set at 1.8 × 10^{-9} at 90% CL.
Most precise CP asymmetry and branching ratio measurements for B± → K0S h± decays with no significant signal observed for the rare Bc decay.
ATLAS reports differential cross sections for coherent exclusive J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ in Pb+Pb ultraperipheral collisions at √s_NN=5.36 TeV, agreeing with models but in tension with prior Run 2 data at central rapidity.
CMS measures the W boson mass as 80360.2 ± 9.9 MeV from 2016 data, consistent with the Standard Model prediction.
LHCb reports branching fractions B(b→χ_c0,1,2 X) and B(b→η_c(2S)X)×B(η_c(2S)→φφ) plus the most precise η_c(1S) mass from φφ decays in 5.9 fb⁻¹ of data.
LHCb measures f_L^d = 0.600 and f_L^s = 0.159 for B to K* Kbar* decays and reports a ratio L of 4.92 that confirms 4.4 sigma discrepancy with theory.
Branching fraction B(Λ → p μ⁻ ν̄_μ) measured as (1.462 ± 0.016 ± 0.100 ± 0.011) × 10^{-4}, improving prior precision by a factor of two and yielding R^{μe} = 0.175 ± 0.012 consistent with the Standard Model.
citing papers explorer
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First evidence of the $B_s^0\rightarrow K^-\pi^+\gamma$ decay
LHCb reports the first experimental evidence for the Bs0 to K- pi+ gamma decay with 3.5 sigma significance and measures its branching fraction ratio to the B0 decay in two mass ranges.
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Searches for $B^0\to K^+\pi^-\tau^+\tau^-$ and $B_s^0\to K^+K^-\tau^+\tau^-$ decays
LHCb reports the first upper limits on B0 → K+π−τ+τ− and Bs0 → K+K−τ+τ− branching fractions, with recast limits of 2.8×10−4 on B0 → K*(892)0 τ+τ− at 95% CL that improve prior bounds by an order of magnitude.
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First observation of $CP$ violation and measurement of polarization in $B^+\to\rho(770)^0 K^*(892)^+$ decays
First observation of CP violation in B+ to rho(770)^0 K*(892)+ decays with A_CP = 0.507 and longitudinal polarization fraction f_L = 0.720 from 9 fb^-1 of LHCb data.
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Evidence for the decay $B^0_s\to\phi\eta'$
First evidence for B_s^0 to phi eta-prime decay with relative branching ratio (3.56 ± 0.79 ± 0.18 ± 0.06) x 10^{-2} and absolute branching fraction (0.66 ± 0.15 ± 0.03 ± 0.02) x 10^{-6}.
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Observation of the charmless purely baryonic decay $\mathinner{\mathit{\Lambda}^0_b\!\to \mathit{\Lambda} p \overline{p}}$
First observation of Λ_b^0 → Λ p p-bar with 5.1σ significance and relative branching fraction (5.1 ± 1.3(stat) ± 0.3(syst)) × 10^{-2} to the reference mode Λ_b^0 → Λ K^+ K^-.
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First evidence of the decay $B^+\to\pi^+ e^+ e^-$
LHCb observes 3.2 sigma evidence for B+ -> pi+ e+ e- with measured branching fraction (2.4 +0.9 -0.8 +0.4 -0.2) x 10^-8, consistent with Standard Model.
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Angular analysis of the $B^+\to\pi^+\mu^+\mu^-$ decay
First measurement of A_FB and F_H in B+→π+μ+μ− decay is consistent with Standard Model predictions in both high- and low-mass dimuon regions.
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Complete one-loop QED corrections to $D_s^+$ leptonic decays and impact on the CKM unitarity test
Complete one-loop QED and electroweak corrections to D_s^+ leptonic decays give |V_cs| = 0.991 ± 0.007 from latest data, aligning second-column CKM unitarity with the Standard Model.
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Measurement of the $W \to \mu \nu_\mu$ cross-sections as a function of the muon transverse momentum in $pp$ collisions at 5.02 TeV
Differential W to muon neutrino cross-section measurement at 5.02 TeV with proof-of-principle W mass extraction from corrected distributions.
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Differential measurements of $\gamma\gamma\to\tau\tau$ and constraints on $\tau$-lepton electromagnetic moments in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_\text{NN}}} = 5.02$ TeV with ATLAS
First differential cross-sections for γγ→ττ in Pb+Pb collisions yield 95% CL intervals -0.057 < a_τ < 0.035 and |d_τ| < 2.7×10^{-16} e cm.
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Study of the $B^0 \to \Lambda_c^+ \bar{\Lambda}_c^- K_S^0$ decay
Relative branching fraction B(B0 → Λc+ Λc- KS0)/B(B+ → Λc+ Λc- K+) measured as 0.53 ± 0.05 ± 0.05 with 3.9σ evidence for Ξc(2923)+ and Ξc(2939)+ resonances consistent with isospin partners.
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Precise measurement of the CKM angle $\gamma$ with a novel approach
A joint fit to LHCb B to D h decays and BESIII quantum-correlated D Dbar data yields gamma = 71.3 plus or minus 5.0 degrees, the most precise measurement to date.
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Measurement of the CKM angle $\gamma$ in $B^{\pm} \rightarrow D(\rightarrow K^{0}_{\rm S} h^{\prime+}h^{\prime-})h^{\pm}$ decays with a novel approach
A novel model-independent approach with per-event phase-space weights on combined BESIII and LHCb data measures the CKM angle γ as (71.3 ± 5.0)° in B± → D(→ K0S h'+h'-) h± decays.
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Search for soft unclustered energy patterns containing muons in the final state in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector
No significant excess observed in search for SUEP signatures with muons; exclusion limits set on mediator cross section times branching fraction down to 0.05 fb at 750 GeV.
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Measurement of charged-hadron distributions in heavy-flavor jets in proton-proton collisions at $\sqrt{s}$=13 TeV
Charged-hadron distributions in heavy-flavor jets differ from light-quark jets in ways consistent with dead-cone suppression and hard fragmentation of the heavy hadron.
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Search for $K_{\mathrm{S(L)}}^{0} \rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{-}\mu^{+}\mu^{-}$ decays at LHCb
No evidence for KS0 or KL0 to pi+ pi- mu+ mu- decays; first upper limits set at 1.4e-9 and 6.6e-7 (90% CL).
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Test of lepton flavour universality with $B^0\to K^{*0}\ell^+\ell^-$ decays at large dilepton invariant mass
R_K*0 is measured as 1.08^{+0.14}_{-0.12}(stat) ± 0.07(syst) for q² > 14 GeV²/c⁴ in B⁰ → K*⁰ ℓ⁺ℓ⁻ decays, consistent with the Standard Model.
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Search for the lepton-flavour violating decays $B^+ \to \pi^+ \mu^\pm e^\mp$
No signal observed for B+ → π+ μ± e∓; branching fraction upper limit set at 1.8 × 10^{-9} at 90% CL.
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Precision measurement of CP violation and branching fractions in $B^{\pm} \to K^0_{\mathrm{S}} h^{\pm}$ $(h = \pi, K)$ decays and search for the rare decay $B_c^{\pm} \to K^0_{\mathrm{S}} K^{\pm}$
Most precise CP asymmetry and branching ratio measurements for B± → K0S h± decays with no significant signal observed for the rare Bc decay.
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Measurement of coherent exclusive $J/\psi\to\mu^+\mu^-$ production in ultraperipheral Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}=5.36$ TeV with the ATLAS detector
ATLAS reports differential cross sections for coherent exclusive J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ in Pb+Pb ultraperipheral collisions at √s_NN=5.36 TeV, agreeing with models but in tension with prior Run 2 data at central rapidity.
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High-precision measurement of the W boson mass with the CMS experiment
CMS measures the W boson mass as 80360.2 ± 9.9 MeV from 2016 data, consistent with the Standard Model prediction.
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Measurement of inclusive production of charmonium states in $b$-hadron decays via their decay into $\phi \phi$
LHCb reports branching fractions B(b→χ_c0,1,2 X) and B(b→η_c(2S)X)×B(η_c(2S)→φφ) plus the most precise η_c(1S) mass from φφ decays in 5.9 fb⁻¹ of data.
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Measurement of the branching fractions and longitudinal polarisations of $B^0_{(s)} \to K^{*0} \kern 0.18em \overline{\kern -0.18em K}{}^{*0}$ decays
LHCb measures f_L^d = 0.600 and f_L^s = 0.159 for B to K* Kbar* decays and reports a ratio L of 4.92 that confirms 4.4 sigma discrepancy with theory.
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Branching fraction measurement of the $\mathit{\Lambda} \to p \mu^- \overline{\nu}_{\mu}$ decay
Branching fraction B(Λ → p μ⁻ ν̄_μ) measured as (1.462 ± 0.016 ± 0.100 ± 0.011) × 10^{-4}, improving prior precision by a factor of two and yielding R^{μe} = 0.175 ± 0.012 consistent with the Standard Model.
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Prospects of searches for invisible $B$-meson decays at FCC-ee
With 6×10^{12} Z bosons at FCC-ee, invisible B-meson branching fractions above 7.6×10^{-9} could be excluded at 90% CL using rectangular cuts and a multiclass BDT on simulated signal and background.
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$C\!P$ violation analysis of local and nonlocal amplitudes in the $\overline{B}^0 \to \overline{K}^{*0}\mu^+\mu^-$ decay
LHCb measures CP-violating Wilson coefficients in B0 -> K*0 mu+ mu- with higher precision than before and finds results consistent with the Standard Model.
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Measurement of $\gamma$ using $B^{\pm}\rightarrow DK^{\pm}$ and $B^{\pm}\rightarrow D\pi^{\pm}$ decays with $D\rightarrow K_{\rm S}^{0}\pi^{+}\pi^{-}$ and $D\rightarrow K_{\rm S}^{0}K^{+}K^{-}$
The CKM angle γ is measured to be (68.1 ± 6.7)° from CP violation observed in the Dalitz plots of B± → DK± and B± → Dπ± decays with D → KS0π+π− and KS0K+K−.
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Measurement of the $W$-boson production cross-sections in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the forward region
LHCb measures forward W+ and W- production cross-sections of 1754.2 pb and 1178.1 pb at 13 TeV, agreeing with NNLO QCD predictions at higher precision than prior results.
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Precision measurement of the muon charge asymmetry from $W$-boson decays in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}$ = 13 TeV in the forward region
Muon charge asymmetry from W decays is measured with highest precision in the forward region at 13 TeV and agrees with NNLO pQCD.
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An Introduction to PYTHIA 8.2
PYTHIA 8.2 is a mature C++ event generator that combines hard processes, parton showers, multiparton interactions, and string fragmentation into a complete simulation framework for high-energy collisions.
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Search for the decays $B_{(s)}^0\to J/\psi\gamma$ at LHCb
Upper limits of 2.9×10^{-6} for B_s^0 and 2.5×10^{-6} for B^0 on the branching fractions to J/ψγ at 90% CL, with the B_s limit improved by a factor of 2.5.