Dust grain size distributions evolve from large-grain dominated at high redshift to MRN-like at low redshift, driven primarily by shattering and ISM accretion after stars supply initial large grains, reproducing z=0 dust masses and Milky Way extinction properties.
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A., Quataert , E., & Murray , N
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AGN dust tori can form tens of millions of planetesimals from Earth to super-Jupiter masses via streaming instability, with continued growth to stellar masses through pebble and gas accretion.
Self-gravitating disks heated by stars reach a universal optical effective temperature of 4000-4500 K independent of accretion rate, black hole mass, and viscosity, explaining Little Red Dots.
New JWST multi-filter imaging of Sgr B2 detects previously hidden massive stars and ionized structures while finding no extended young stellar objects, implying star formation there has only recently begun.
UV/optical attenuation underpredicts IR luminosity by 3-10x across 0<z<7 while κ_UV/κ_FIR falls by over an order of magnitude, pointing to evolving dust grain properties in average galaxies.
Lyα radiation pressure mildly reduces gas-to-star conversion efficiency in dense high-redshift clusters while dominating the launch of rapid outflows.
Semi-analytical models show AGN disks produce repeated BBH mergers with a high-mass tail beyond the pair-instability gap, more efficiently at low viscosity, with spin and mass-ratio signatures that can match events like GW190521.
An intermediate-mass companion to Sgr A* plus resonant relaxation in a depleting gas disk can simultaneously produce the observed orbits of S-stars, clockwise disk stars, and off-disk stars within their 6-15 Myr lifetimes.
A z=1.715 radio-loud quasar exhibits a ~10,000 K blackbody UV continuum and three-component blackbody photometry, marking it as a candidate transitional Little Red Dot.
Monte Carlo simulations of AGN-disk black hole mergers identify dense, moderately short-lived disks, a steep initial mass function, and mostly prograde orbits as the parameter combination that reproduces the observed (q, χ_eff) anti-correlation.
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McFACTS II: Mass Ratio--Effective Spin Relationship of Black Hole Mergers in the AGN Channel
Monte Carlo simulations of AGN-disk black hole mergers identify dense, moderately short-lived disks, a steep initial mass function, and mostly prograde orbits as the parameter combination that reproduces the observed (q, χ_eff) anti-correlation.