ART optimizes visual pixel inputs to frozen MLLMs to achieve LoRA-competitive accuracy on math and structured tool-use benchmarks without modifying computational graphs.
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Prefix-Tuning: Optimizing Continuous Prompts for Generation
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abstract
Fine-tuning is the de facto way to leverage large pretrained language models to perform downstream tasks. However, it modifies all the language model parameters and therefore necessitates storing a full copy for each task. In this paper, we propose prefix-tuning, a lightweight alternative to fine-tuning for natural language generation tasks, which keeps language model parameters frozen, but optimizes a small continuous task-specific vector (called the prefix). Prefix-tuning draws inspiration from prompting, allowing subsequent tokens to attend to this prefix as if it were "virtual tokens". We apply prefix-tuning to GPT-2 for table-to-text generation and to BART for summarization. We find that by learning only 0.1\% of the parameters, prefix-tuning obtains comparable performance in the full data setting, outperforms fine-tuning in low-data settings, and extrapolates better to examples with topics unseen during training.
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- abstract Fine-tuning is the de facto way to leverage large pretrained language models to perform downstream tasks. However, it modifies all the language model parameters and therefore necessitates storing a full copy for each task. In this paper, we propose prefix-tuning, a lightweight alternative to fine-tuning for natural language generation tasks, which keeps language model parameters frozen, but optimizes a small continuous task-specific vector (called the prefix). Prefix-tuning draws inspiration from prompting, allowing subsequent tokens to attend to this prefix as if it were "virtual tokens". We
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representative citing papers
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PrAda adapts text-prompted segmentation models in a few-shot setting by learning and fusing class-specific prototypes from fine-grained and high-level features, yielding significant gains on semantic, instance, and panoptic segmentation across five benchmarks.
DMEP prunes experts module-by-module in LoRA-MoE and removes load balancing after pruning, cutting trainable parameters 35-43% and raising throughput ~10% while matching or exceeding uniform baselines on reasoning tasks.
HormoneT5 augments T5 with a hormone-inspired block that predicts six continuous emotion values and uses them to modulate responses, reporting over 85% per-hormone accuracy and human preference for emotional quality.
ToGRL learns high-quality graph structures from raw heterogeneous graphs via a two-stage topology extraction process and prompt tuning, outperforming prior methods on five datasets.
FMA introduces flow matching for multi-step cross-modal feature alignment in few-shot learning, using fixed coupling, noise augmentation, and early-stopping to outperform one-step PEFT methods.
The paper defines the MPI task and proposes TriMPI, a three-stage training pipeline of continual pretraining, supervised finetuning, and policy-aware reinforcement learning that internalizes multimodal policies into model parameters for improved adherence without prompts at inference.
The paper offers a comprehensive survey and proposes a new taxonomy for continual learning strategies in VLMs and MLLMs to combat catastrophic forgetting beyond traditional methods.
UniSim learns a universal real-world simulator from orchestrated diverse datasets, enabling zero-shot deployment of policies trained purely in simulation.
PagedAttention achieves near-zero waste in LLM key-value cache memory and enables 2-4x higher serving throughput than prior systems.
Large language models can optimize by being prompted with histories of past solutions and scores to propose better ones, producing prompts that raise accuracy up to 8% on GSM8K and 50% on Big-Bench Hard over human-designed baselines.
Activation Addition steers language models by adding contrastive activation vectors from prompt pairs to control high-level properties like sentiment and toxicity at inference time without training.
QLoRA finetunes 4-bit quantized LLMs via LoRA adapters to match full-precision performance while using far less memory, enabling 65B-scale training on single GPUs and producing Guanaco models near ChatGPT level.
LLaMA-Adapter turns frozen LLaMA 7B into a capable instruction follower using only 1.2M new parameters and zero-init attention, matching Alpaca while extending to image-conditioned reasoning on ScienceQA and COCO.
Flamingo models reach new state-of-the-art few-shot results on image and video tasks by bridging frozen vision and language models with cross-attention layers trained on interleaved web-scale data.
Adapting large language models by training only a low-rank decomposition BA added to frozen weight matrices matches full fine-tuning while cutting trainable parameters by orders of magnitude and adding no inference latency.
Presents the NATURAL INSTRUCTIONS meta-dataset and shows generative pre-trained language models achieve 19% better generalization to unseen tasks when using task instructions.
EPnG reallocates LoRA capacity in MoE models by pruning experts with low router gate probabilities and expanding high-importance ones via rank growth, outperforming standard LoRA and nearing full fine-tuning performance with 0.55-0.72% parameters updated.
MindAlign decodes inner speech from fMRI via subject-specific neural-semantic alignment into a multimodal space followed by prompting of a frozen LM, outperforming baselines and generalizing across subjects.
User memory in LLMs factors into three orthogonal axes where parametric adapters and retrieval show opposite strengths, with causal evidence from attention interventions and an alignment tax on RLHF models.
SDBN introduces adversarial training to PEFT via two variants using character-level edits and LLM-generated perturbations, claiming improved robustness and generalization on NLP benchmarks in low-resource noisy settings.
Flatness Preference Optimization (FlatPO) improves multimodal PEFT generalization by flattening a small set of sharp dimensions that dominate performance.
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