MELTYQ couples magma-atmosphere equilibrium models with spectral retrievals to constrain sub-Neptune magma oxidation states and volatile inventories from transmission spectra.
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Young sub-Neptunes transition from core-powered bolometric escape to photoevaporative escape at smaller radii for lower-mass and more irradiated planets, with self-consistent simulations yielding combined mass-loss rates and analytic transition scalings.
The atmosphere of TOI-1130b shows high metallicity, low C/O, and elevated mean molecular weight consistent with ex-situ formation beyond the water ice line.
Dynamical tides exciting f-modes during high-eccentricity migration produce the hot Jupiter pile-up, Neptune ridge, and Neptune desert via orbital circularization and selective atmospheric mass loss.
An open-source GCE code with a 100x faster solver demonstrates that refractory ratios Mg/Si and Fe/Si control carbon partitioning and atmospheric properties in water-accreting sub-Neptunes.
Water-hydrogen demixing occurs on warm sub-Neptunes with envelope metallicities of 150-700 times solar, including TOI-270 d, implying layered interiors and underestimated bulk metallicities when using fully-miscible models.
Interior structure models show 28 of 34 cold super-puffs are consistent with core accretion while six require non-standard explanations such as impacts or exo-rings.
Hycean models with a 1-bar H2 envelope, percent-level CH4 and CO, and CO2 at 10^-3 to 10^-2 reproduce the 0.8-5.2 μm JWST spectra of K2-18b.
Sub-Neptunes around metal-rich stars have a 42.6% conditional probability of cold Jupiters versus 14.5% for super-Earths, showing a metallicity-dependent correlation absent in the latter.
TOI-1710 b has a true obliquity of 149 degrees indicating retrograde motion, favoring high-eccentricity migration via planet-planet scattering and Kozai-Lidov cycles for this tidally detached super-Neptune.
Varying the adiabatic index from 1.2 to 1.4 in exoplanet evolution models shows that higher gamma produces puffier initial envelopes that contract faster with accelerated mass loss, so using gamma=1.4 overestimates mass-loss effects on young planets.
Variable hydrogen-silicate-iron miscibility coupled with atmospheric escape reproduces the occurrence density structure, radius gap, and radius-period relation of sub-Neptunes and super-Earths based on accreted hydrogen fraction.
citing papers explorer
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Coupling magma-ocean and atmospheres in spectral retrievals of sub-Neptunes
MELTYQ couples magma-atmosphere equilibrium models with spectral retrievals to constrain sub-Neptune magma oxidation states and volatile inventories from transmission spectra.
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Characterizing the bolometric-photoevaporative transition in young sub-Neptunes with radiation-hydrodynamic simulations
Young sub-Neptunes transition from core-powered bolometric escape to photoevaporative escape at smaller radii for lower-mass and more irradiated planets, with self-consistent simulations yielding combined mass-loss rates and analytic transition scalings.
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JWST unveils a high mean molecular weight atmosphere for mini-Neptune TOI-1130b: Evidence for formation beyond the water ice line
The atmosphere of TOI-1130b shows high metallicity, low C/O, and elevated mean molecular weight consistent with ex-situ formation beyond the water ice line.
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Dynamical Tides during High-Eccentricity Migration produces the Hot Jupiter Pile-up, Neptune Ridge, and Neptune Desert
Dynamical tides exciting f-modes during high-eccentricity migration produce the hot Jupiter pile-up, Neptune ridge, and Neptune desert via orbital circularization and selective atmospheric mass loss.
-
A New Global Chemical Equilibrium Code: Refractory Element Signatures in Super-Earths and Sub-Neptunes
An open-source GCE code with a 100x faster solver demonstrates that refractory ratios Mg/Si and Fe/Si control carbon partitioning and atmospheric properties in water-accreting sub-Neptunes.
-
A window for water-hydrogen demixing on warm metal-rich sub-Neptunes
Water-hydrogen demixing occurs on warm sub-Neptunes with envelope metallicities of 150-700 times solar, including TOI-270 d, implying layered interiors and underestimated bulk metallicities when using fully-miscible models.
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Do Super-Puffs Defy Core Accretion? Population-Wide Interior Structure Constraints
Interior structure models show 28 of 34 cold super-puffs are consistent with core accretion while six require non-standard explanations such as impacts or exo-rings.
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A Hycean Interpretation of K2-18b Supported by Photochemical Atmospheric Compositional
Hycean models with a 1-bar H2 envelope, percent-level CH4 and CO, and CO2 at 10^-3 to 10^-2 reproduce the 0.8-5.2 μm JWST spectra of K2-18b.
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Sub-Neptunes Show a Stronger Correlation with Cold Jupiters than Super-Earths Especially in Metal-rich Systems
Sub-Neptunes around metal-rich stars have a 42.6% conditional probability of cold Jupiters versus 14.5% for super-Earths, showing a metallicity-dependent correlation absent in the latter.
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A tidally detached super Neptune on a strongly misaligned retrograde orbit
TOI-1710 b has a true obliquity of 149 degrees indicating retrograde motion, favoring high-eccentricity migration via planet-planet scattering and Kozai-Lidov cycles for this tidally detached super-Neptune.
-
The Effect of Adiabatic Index on Radius Evolution and the Mass Loss
Varying the adiabatic index from 1.2 to 1.4 in exoplanet evolution models shows that higher gamma produces puffier initial envelopes that contract faster with accelerated mass loss, so using gamma=1.4 overestimates mass-loss effects on young planets.
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The Influences of Hydrogen-Silicate-Iron Miscibility on the Demographics of Sub-Neptunes and Super-Earths
Variable hydrogen-silicate-iron miscibility coupled with atmospheric escape reproduces the occurrence density structure, radius gap, and radius-period relation of sub-Neptunes and super-Earths based on accreted hydrogen fraction.
- The Role of Formation Location in Shaping Sulfur-, Nitrogen-, and Carbon-Bearing Species in Super-Earth and Sub-Neptune Atmospheres