Detection of a variable stratified UFO with velocities 0.1c and 0.3c, extreme mass outflow rates, and kinetic powers of 1-10% of bolometric luminosity in quasar WISSH13 at z=3.294.
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and Hernquist, Lars and Cox, Thomas J
25 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 1,686 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
We present an evolutionary model for starbursts, quasars, and spheroidal galaxies in which mergers between gas-rich galaxies drive nuclear inflows of gas, producing intense starbursts and feeding the buried growth of supermassive black holes (BHs) until feedback expels gas and renders a briefly visible optical quasar. The quasar lifetime and obscuring column density depend on both the instantaneous and peak luminosity of the quasar, and we determine this dependence using a large set of simulations of galaxy mergers varying host galaxy properties, orbital geometry, and gas physics. We use these fits to deconvolve observed quasar luminosity functions (LFs) and obtain the evolution of the formation rate of quasars with a certain peak luminosity, n(L_peak,z). Quasars spend extended periods of time at luminosities well below peak, and so n(L_peak) has a maximum corresponding to the 'break' in the observed LF, falling off at both brighter and fainter luminosities. From n(L_peak) and our simulation results, we obtain self-consistent fits to hard and soft X-ray and optical quasar LFs and predict many observables, including: column density distributions of optical and X-ray samples, the LF of broad-line quasars in X-ray samples and the broad-line fraction as a function of luminosity, active BH mass functions, the distribution of Eddington ratios at z~0-2, the z=0 mass function of relic BHs and total mass density of BHs, and the cosmic X-ray background. In every case, our predictions agree well with observed estimates, and unlike previous modeling attempts, we are able to reproduce them without invoking any ad hoc assumptions about source properties or distributions. We provide a library of Monte Carlo realizations of our models for comparison with observations. (Abridged)
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Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
Central black holes in ASTRID and TNG300 follow a tight, redshift-invariant M_BH–M_⋆ relation from z=2 to 0.5; departures mark merger-driven high-mass quenchers, tidally stripped overmassive satellites, and undermassive wanderers.
At fixed stellar mass, inner gas mass—not size, SFR, or potential—best predicts gas metallicity, and differences in long-term inflow histories can explain the pattern.
Kinematically consistent decomposition shows [O II] in quasars is dominated by star formation rather than AGN, allowing its use as a reliable SFR tracer that correlates tightly with bolometric luminosity over black hole mass or Eddington ratio.
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
ArkenstoneBH is a new subgrid model for the hot phase of black hole feedback that, in isolated galaxy tests, suppresses star formation by counteracting gas inflows from the circumgalactic medium.
JWST data show massive quiescent galaxies in high-redshift proto-clusters formed and quenched simultaneously, with AGN signatures, indicating environmental triggering of quenching.
The Sparks survey divides local galaxies into first-burst, second-burst, and post-burst groups, finding AGN predominantly in second-burst systems and implying a short delay before black hole accretion.
A Hubble-like sequence of galaxy morphologies exists by redshift 4, with low-mass galaxies as persistent star-forming disks and massive galaxies following either stable disk or rapid compaction-quenching paths.
Massive post-starburst galaxies at 1<z<2 show no mid-IR excess, limiting any dust-obscured AGN to Eddington ratios below 1%, while low-mass PSBs retain residual star formation.
New Gemini/GNIRS observations of star-forming radio galaxies show warm H2 emission driven primarily by mergers rather than jets.
Radiation hydrodynamic simulations of wind-reprocessed TDEs reveal a ~3-week offset between optical/UV and bolometric light curve peaks due to the buildup time of the reprocessing layer.
Spatially resolved HI survey of eight Seyfert galaxies shows AGN feedback has limited impact on global atomic gas disk structure but may enhance local turbulence.
Horizon-AGN shows galaxy and black hole merger rates both rise with stellar mass and fall with redshift, peaking near z=2-3, establishing a direct evolutionary link from galaxy interactions to black hole coalescences.
Massive quiescent galaxies at high redshifts show elevated fractions in small-scale overdensities, indicating environmental quenching via galaxy interactions plays a major role.
Disc galaxies inhibit supermassive black hole growth by preserving rotational support in central gas, while mergers in ellipticals disrupt this support and enable rapid accretion.
MaNGA-based comparison shows AGN-PSBs likely evolve from RPSBs with lower merger fractions than high-mass CPSBs, indicating AGN feedback is not necessary for post-starburst formation.
Spectroscopic analysis of dual nuclei shows SMBH masses higher in galaxy mergers than single nuclei at fixed stellar mass.
New high-redshift quiescent galaxy sample shows size decreasing with redshift and wavelength, with stellar mass plus redshift sufficient to predict size but large residual scatter.
NIRCam-selected AGN hosts split into a 'bridge' group with moderate-to-low SFRs and a 'branch' group above the SFMS with SFR rising with AGN fraction; both populations show recent transitions between star formation and quiescence.
In M51, AGN feedback excites dense molecular gas over defined regions via a two-stage jet-ISM interaction followed by soft X-ray excitation, with emission-line ratios outperforming molecular ratios for identifying affected gas.
GAMA 376183 is a rare Eddington-limited heavily obscured AGN in a merging low-mass galaxy, triggered by the merger and identified via strong [Ne V] emission.
Review of cosmic ray production and radio emission in galaxy clusters with recommendations for SKA observations of magnetic fields and low-energy particles.
citing papers explorer
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The WISSHFUL program: the highest redshift UFO discovered in a non-lensed QSO
Detection of a variable stratified UFO with velocities 0.1c and 0.3c, extreme mass outflow rates, and kinetic powers of 1-10% of bolometric luminosity in quasar WISSH13 at z=3.294.
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SDSS-V: Revealing a weak accretion state in X-ray selected red quasars
Red quasars are intrinsically X-ray weak with low alpha_OX values, tracing a distinct evolutionary stage of suppressed black hole accretion relative to stellar mass growth.
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Tracing black hole and galaxy growth across environments since cosmic noon
Central black holes in ASTRID and TNG300 follow a tight, redshift-invariant M_BH–M_⋆ relation from z=2 to 0.5; departures mark merger-driven high-mass quenchers, tidally stripped overmassive satellites, and undermassive wanderers.
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Beyond the Fundamental Metallicity Relation: galaxy sizes encode the link between inflow and metallicity
At fixed stellar mass, inner gas mass—not size, SFR, or potential—best predicts gas metallicity, and differences in long-term inflow histories can explain the pattern.
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Tracing Star Formation in Quasar Hosts via [O II] $\lambda$3727: A Kinematically Consistent Approach
Kinematically consistent decomposition shows [O II] in quasars is dominated by star formation rather than AGN, allowing its use as a reliable SFR tracer that correlates tightly with bolometric luminosity over black hole mass or Eddington ratio.
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Kinematic Stratification in Extremely Red Quasars Revealed by JWST
JWST observations of ERQs show stratified gas kinematics via deblended optical emission lines, with UV lines dominated by scattered light and optical lines mixing scattered and obscured emission.
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ArkenstoneBH. A model for high-specific energy black hole feedback in cosmological simulations
ArkenstoneBH is a new subgrid model for the hot phase of black hole feedback that, in isolated galaxy tests, suppresses star formation by counteracting gas inflows from the circumgalactic medium.
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DeepDive: Simultaneous Formation of Massive Quiescent Galaxies in High-Redshift Galaxy Proto-clusters
JWST data show massive quiescent galaxies in high-redshift proto-clusters formed and quenched simultaneously, with AGN signatures, indicating environmental triggering of quenching.
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Sparks: The Magellan/FIRE survey from starburst to post-starburst
The Sparks survey divides local galaxies into first-burst, second-burst, and post-burst groups, finding AGN predominantly in second-burst systems and implying a short delay before black hole accretion.
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The Hubble sequence in JWST CEERS from unbiased galaxy morphologies
A Hubble-like sequence of galaxy morphologies exists by redshift 4, with low-mass galaxies as persistent star-forming disks and massive galaxies following either stable disk or rapid compaction-quenching paths.
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No hidden monsters: Probing recently-quenched galaxies for obscured AGN with JWST-PRIMER MIRI and NIRCam
Massive post-starburst galaxies at 1<z<2 show no mid-IR excess, limiting any dust-obscured AGN to Eddington ratios below 1%, while low-mass PSBs retain residual star formation.
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When Jets Don't Quench: Near-Infrared H$_{2}$ in Star Forming Low-Excitation Radio Galaxies
New Gemini/GNIRS observations of star-forming radio galaxies show warm H2 emission driven primarily by mergers rather than jets.
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The Light Curve of Wind-Reprocessed Tidal Disruption Events
Radiation hydrodynamic simulations of wind-reprocessed TDEs reveal a ~3-week offset between optical/UV and bolometric light curve peaks due to the buildup time of the reprocessing layer.
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A Spatially Resolved HI Survey of Seyfert Galaxies: the Role of AGN Feedback in Shaping Atomic Gas Reservoirs
Spatially resolved HI survey of eight Seyfert galaxies shows AGN feedback has limited impact on global atomic gas disk structure but may enhance local turbulence.
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One Merge to Rule Them All: From Galaxy Interactions to Black Hole Mergers Using Horizon-AGN
Horizon-AGN shows galaxy and black hole merger rates both rise with stellar mass and fall with redshift, peaking near z=2-3, establishing a direct evolutionary link from galaxy interactions to black hole coalescences.
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The role of small-scale environments in the quenching of massive galaxies at $1<z<5$
Massive quiescent galaxies at high redshifts show elevated fractions in small-scale overdensities, indicating environmental quenching via galaxy interactions plays a major role.
-
Galaxy discs regulate the growth of supermassive black holes
Disc galaxies inhibit supermassive black hole growth by preserving rotational support in central gas, while mergers in ellipticals disrupt this support and enable rapid accretion.
-
Post-starburst Galaxies with Active Galactic Nucleus: Properties and Evolutionary Sequences
MaNGA-based comparison shows AGN-PSBs likely evolve from RPSBs with lower merger fractions than high-mass CPSBs, indicating AGN feedback is not necessary for post-starburst formation.
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Investigating the Spectral Properties of Dual Nuclei in Galaxy Mergers from the GOTHIC survey: Supermassive Black Hole Growth, metal enrichment and Dual AGN
Spectroscopic analysis of dual nuclei shows SMBH masses higher in galaxy mergers than single nuclei at fixed stellar mass.
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Morphology, sizes, and scatter in a large sample of distant quiescent galaxies
New high-redshift quiescent galaxy sample shows size decreasing with redshift and wavelength, with stellar mass plus redshift sufficient to predict size but large residual scatter.
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PEARLS: Two Distinct Populations of AGN Hosts Moving Between Star Formation and Quiescence
NIRCam-selected AGN hosts split into a 'bridge' group with moderate-to-low SFRs and a 'branch' group above the SFMS with SFR rising with AGN fraction; both populations show recent transitions between star formation and quiescence.
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Surveying the Whirlpool at Arcseconds with NOEMA (SWAN). IV. Extent of active galactic nucleus feedback on the interstellar medium
In M51, AGN feedback excites dense molecular gas over defined regions via a two-stage jet-ISM interaction followed by soft X-ray excitation, with emission-line ratios outperforming molecular ratios for identifying affected gas.
-
A Rare Eddington-Limited, Heavily Obscured Low-Mass Active Galactic Nucleus Likely Triggered by a Galaxy Merger
GAMA 376183 is a rare Eddington-limited heavily obscured AGN in a merging low-mass galaxy, triggered by the merger and identified via strong [Ne V] emission.
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The Cosmic Ray Life Cycle in Galaxy Clusters
Review of cosmic ray production and radio emission in galaxy clusters with recommendations for SKA observations of magnetic fields and low-energy particles.
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Unification models of Active Galactic Nuclei
A review of AGN unification concluding that whether a black-hole-powered nucleus appears obscured depends on inclination, Eddington ratio (radiative feedback), and host-galaxy merger/redshift evolution.