A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
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abstract
We study the star formation rate (SFR) - stellar mass (M*) relation in a self-consistent manner from 0 < z < 2.5 with a sample of galaxies selected from the NEWFIRM Medium-Band Survey. We find a significant non-linear slope of the relation, SFR \propto M*^0.6, and a constant observed scatter of 0.34 dex, independent of redshift and M*. However, if we select only blue galaxies we find a linear relation SFR \propto M*, similar to previous results at z = 0 by Peng et al. (2010). This selection excludes red, dusty, star-forming galaxies with higher masses, which brings down the slope. By selecting on L_IR/L_UV (a proxy for dust obscuration) and the rest-frame U-V colors, we show that star-forming galaxies fall in three distinct regions of the log(SFR)-log(M*) plane: 1) actively star-forming galaxies with "normal" dust obscuration and associated colors (54% for log(M*) > 10 at 1 < z < 1.5), 2) red star-forming galaxies with low levels of dust obscuration and low specific SFRs (11%), and 3) dusty, blue star-forming galaxies with high specific SFRs (7%). The remaining 28% comprises quiescent galaxies. Galaxies on the "normal" star formation sequence show strong trends of increasing dust attenuation with stellar mass and a decreasing specific SFR, with an observed scatter of 0.25 dex (0.17 dex intrinsic scatter). The dusty, blue galaxies reside in the upper envelope of the star formation sequence with remarkably similar spectral shapes at all masses, suggesting that the same physical process is dominating the stellar light. The red, low-dust star-forming galaxies may be in the process of shutting off and migrating to the quiescent population.
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representative citing papers
Low-mass Paβ emitters in the Spiderweb protocluster show enhanced star formation rates compared to field galaxies, with no significant deviation at higher masses.
Corrected empirical limits show the most massive galaxies never exceed the theoretical baryonic maximum of 0.16 times halo virial mass, keeping observations consistent with LambdaCDM at all redshifts.
New empirical calibrations between 19 emission-line ratios and oxygen abundance are derived from direct electron-temperature measurements in 139 star-forming galaxies at z=1.4-10.6.
tSZ cross-correlations with large-scale structure tracers prefer low S8 and strong baryonic feedback, yielding S8 = 0.72 and low group baryon fraction in FLAMINGO simulations.
Spatially resolved observations of z~0.1 galaxies show Mg II absorption outflow velocities are systematically higher than Hα emission velocities by ~0.4 dex while maintaining similar correlations with star formation rate and surface density.
Milky Way abundance trends act as effective empirical proxies for nucleosynthetic yields, recovering alpha and Fe-peak abundances in quiescent galaxies with 0.05 dex median offset versus 0.23 dex for theory, indicating largely universal yields.
The Sparks survey divides local galaxies into first-burst, second-burst, and post-burst groups, finding AGN predominantly in second-burst systems and implying a short delay before black hole accretion.
JWST data shows half-light radii larger than half-mass radii in galaxies at 0.2<z<2.5, with mass-dependent differences, steeper size-mass slopes for light, and faster mass-size growth for star-forming galaxies at high redshift.
Star-forming galaxies show a transition from negative to positive sSFR radial gradients around z~2, implying a change from outside-in to inside-out growth.
COLIBRE simulations match observed galaxy stellar mass functions, star formation rates, and quenched fractions from z=17 to z=0, including JWST massive quiescent galaxies at high redshift.
New CO observations of low-mass late-type galaxies show the molecular gas-star formation relation remains linear, with shorter depletion times and a shift toward molecular-dominated gas at higher stellar masses.
Multi-scale radio observations of 15 local U/LIRGs decompose emission to show nuclear components contribute ~50% on average while diffuse SF-related emission dominates ~80% of total power, with radio excess linked to AGN rather than boosted star formation.
The OBSIDIAN simulation with its three-regime AGN feedback best reproduces the observed stellar masses, star formation rates, and ages of brightest group galaxies, unlike the other simulations which show mismatches in quenching behavior.
Panchromatic SED modeling yields SFRs with smaller offset and scatter than optical-only fits for starburst to post-starburst galaxies, while Prospector AGN torus models distinguish AGN but underpredict luminosities by an order of magnitude.
GAMA 376183 is a rare Eddington-limited heavily obscured AGN in a merging low-mass galaxy, triggered by the merger and identified via strong [Ne V] emission.
citing papers explorer
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pop-cosmos: Star formation over 12 Gyr from generative modelling of a deep infrared-selected galaxy catalogue
A score-based diffusion generative model on deep infrared galaxy photometry yields a star formation rate density peaking at z=1.3 and shows distinct non-parametric star formation histories plus AGN activity peaking during the quenching transition of massive galaxies.
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Spider-Webb: enhanced star formation in low-mass galaxies within the Spiderweb protocluster revealed by JWST Pa$\beta$ narrow-band imaging
Low-mass Paβ emitters in the Spiderweb protocluster show enhanced star formation rates compared to field galaxies, with no significant deviation at higher masses.
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Empirical estimates of how massive galaxies can be in {\Lambda}CDM
Corrected empirical limits show the most massive galaxies never exceed the theoretical baryonic maximum of 0.16 times halo virial mass, keeping observations consistent with LambdaCDM at all redshifts.
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The AURORA Survey: High-Redshift Empirical Metallicity Calibrations from Electron Temperature Measurements at z=2-10
New empirical calibrations between 19 emission-line ratios and oxygen abundance are derived from direct electron-temperature measurements in 139 star-forming galaxies at z=1.4-10.6.
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FLAMINGO: The thermal history of the Universe from tSZ effect cross-correlations and its dependencies on cosmology and baryon physics
tSZ cross-correlations with large-scale structure tracers prefer low S8 and strong baryonic feedback, yielding S8 = 0.72 and low group baryon fraction in FLAMINGO simulations.
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Differences between emission and absorption tracers of spatially resolved outflows in clumpy z ~ 0.1 star-forming galaxies
Spatially resolved observations of z~0.1 galaxies show Mg II absorption outflow velocities are systematically higher than Hα emission velocities by ~0.4 dex while maintaining similar correlations with star formation rate and surface density.
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Are Nucleosynthetic Yields Universal? Interpreting the Multi-Elemental Abundances of Quiescent Galaxies over Cosmic Time Using Milky Way Stars
Milky Way abundance trends act as effective empirical proxies for nucleosynthetic yields, recovering alpha and Fe-peak abundances in quiescent galaxies with 0.05 dex median offset versus 0.23 dex for theory, indicating largely universal yields.
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Sparks: The Magellan/FIRE survey from starburst to post-starburst
The Sparks survey divides local galaxies into first-burst, second-burst, and post-burst groups, finding AGN predominantly in second-burst systems and implying a short delay before black hole accretion.
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Difference Between Half-mass Radius and Half-light Radius of Galaxies at 0.2 $< z <$ 2.5 Revealed by JWST/NIRCam Data
JWST data shows half-light radii larger than half-mass radii in galaxies at 0.2<z<2.5, with mass-dependent differences, steeper size-mass slopes for light, and faster mass-size growth for star-forming galaxies at high redshift.
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Transition from Outside-in to Inside-Out at $z\sim 2$: Evidence from Radial Profiles of Specific Star Formation Rate based on JWST/HST
Star-forming galaxies show a transition from negative to positive sSFR radial gradients around z~2, implying a change from outside-in to inside-out growth.
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The evolution of the galaxy stellar mass function and star formation rates in the COLIBRE simulations from redshift 17 to 0
COLIBRE simulations match observed galaxy stellar mass functions, star formation rates, and quenched fractions from z=17 to z=0, including JWST massive quiescent galaxies at high redshift.
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The MaNGA Low-mass disks HUnt for CO (MaLHUCO) Survey
New CO observations of low-mass late-type galaxies show the molecular gas-star formation relation remains linear, with shorter depletion times and a shift toward molecular-dominated gas at higher stellar masses.
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The PARADIGM Project II: Characterising Nuclear and Diffuse Radio Components in Local U/LIRGs
Multi-scale radio observations of 15 local U/LIRGs decompose emission to show nuclear components contribute ~50% on average while diffuse SF-related emission dominates ~80% of total power, with radio excess linked to AGN rather than boosted star formation.
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Forged by Feedback: Stellar Properties of Brightest Group Galaxies in Cosmological Simulations
The OBSIDIAN simulation with its three-regime AGN feedback best reproduces the observed stellar masses, star formation rates, and ages of brightest group galaxies, unlike the other simulations which show mismatches in quenching behavior.
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Sparks II: Panchromatic SED modeling and galaxy physical properties across the starburst to post-starburst sequence
Panchromatic SED modeling yields SFRs with smaller offset and scatter than optical-only fits for starburst to post-starburst galaxies, while Prospector AGN torus models distinguish AGN but underpredict luminosities by an order of magnitude.
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A Rare Eddington-Limited, Heavily Obscured Low-Mass Active Galactic Nucleus Likely Triggered by a Galaxy Merger
GAMA 376183 is a rare Eddington-limited heavily obscured AGN in a merging low-mass galaxy, triggered by the merger and identified via strong [Ne V] emission.