A bordism computation for K(Z,3) produces two new anomaly classes for U(1) 1-form symmetries: a mixed H₃∧p₁ anomaly in 5d and a Z₂-valued uSq²u anomaly in 7d.
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Introduction to Generalized Global Symmetries in QFT and Particle Physics
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abstract
Generalized symmetries (also known as categorical symmetries) is a newly developing technique for studying quantum field theories. It has given us new insights into the structure of QFT and many new powerful tools that can be applied to the study of particle phenomenology. In these notes we give an exposition to the topic of generalized/categorical symmetries for high energy phenomenologists although the topics covered may be useful to the broader physics community. Here we describe generalized symmetries without the use of category theory and pay particular attention to the introduction of discrete symmetries and their gauging.
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representative citing papers
Introduces FTH as an extension of TH/SymTFT to type-I and type-II fracton orders, demonstrating boundary switches and dualities for X-cube and Haah's code via stabilizer formalism.
An SU(12)-based model unifies quark color-flavor and lepton flavor, generates Yukawas via instantons, solves strong CP with massless quarks, implements a flavored seesaw, and stabilizes the proton via a discrete gauge symmetry X = B - 3(L_i + L_j - L_k).
Derives Schwinger-Dyson equations and Ward identities in NN-FT to study anomalies in QFTs via a conserved parameter-space current, yielding a new perspective on symmetries.
A supersymmetric SymTFT (SuSymTFT) is constructed as a super-BF theory on (n|m)-dimensional supermanifolds and verified for compact and chiral super-bosons in two dimensions.
Generalized symmetries generate exponentially many Krylov sectors in quantum many-body systems, showing that Hilbert space fragmentation does not by itself imply ergodicity breaking.
A general prescription is formulated for spurion analysis of commutative non-invertible fusion algebras in particle physics, unifying prior specific cases and enabling systematic tracking of coupling constants in tree- and loop-level processes without requiring faithful realization or exclusive use.
A bosonic lattice model realizes exact chiral symmetry and its anomaly in 3+1d, with the continuum limit a compact boson theory with axion-like coupling.
Develops a Mille-feuille SymTFT construction that generates foliated and exotic dual bulk theories realizing gapless boundary models with spontaneous continuous subsystem symmetry breaking, including duals of the XY plaquette and XYZ cube models.
Blow-up equation prefactors encode cubic 1-form self-anomalies and mixed anomalies of 5d N=1 SCFTs, deciding 2-group vs mixed anomaly structure.
Imaginary wormholes and the IDB imply that towers of BPS EFT instantons generate infinitely many superpotential terms that break non-invertible axion shift symmetries in N=1 axiverse models.
Establishes a one-to-one correspondence between states and p-dimensional defects in higher-form Maxwell theories via an extended Kac-Moody algebra generated by conserved charges from mixed anomalies, mapping dressed Wilson-'t Hooft defects to squeezed energy eigenstates.
E∞^{1,2}-type LSM anomalies lead to non-invertible symmetry breaking at type-II deconfined quantum critical points in 1D spin chains.
(-2)-form symmetries are realized as non-genuine defects in the Symmetry TFT and relate theories with different anomaly or associator data.
The |G|-fold degeneracy of supersymmetric AdS5 black hole index saddles is fixed by the flux-quantized BF coupling of the bulk one-form symmetry and persists unmodified in the decompactified black-brane limit.
An algebraic method using the path algebra of quivers extracts symmetry anomaly data for 5D SCFTs engineered from M-theory on Calabi-Yau cones.
Refines charge quantization via homotopy type A whose homotopy groups classify brane charges and homology groups classify higher-form symmetries, deriving swampland-like constraints that rule out noncompact gauge groups and non-nilpotent Lie algebras for field strengths.
The five-dimensional topological axion electrodynamics is shown to possess a 3-crossed module structure through modified Stueckelberg couplings required for background gauge invariance.
Broken higher-group and non-invertible symmetries still act on the space of couplings, and their 'family anomalies' force the infrared theory to be gapless, spontaneously broken, or interrupted by a phase transition.
The XY-plaquette model is claimed to possess a continuous SO(2) non-invertible duality symmetry at arbitrary coupling, realized by open condensation defects in its symmetry TFT.
Generalizes spurion analysis to non-invertible near-group fusion algebras, introduces coupling labels, and explains radiative violation of tree-level selection rules.
Superconductors are bosonic at low energy yet carry a gravito-magnetic anomaly from fermion parity gauging that forbids trivial massive phases in 3D and 4D.
1-form symmetries in the QED soft sector generate asymptotic charges whose central extension implies soft photon theorems and fixes a two-soft-photon contact term.
Constructs Z_N extended fusion rings and modular partition functions for nonanomalous subgroups, extending to multicomponent systems and orbifoldings in CFTs.
citing papers explorer
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On Quantum Aspects of 1-Form Symmetries II: Bordism, Invertible Phases, and Anomalies
A bordism computation for K(Z,3) produces two new anomaly classes for U(1) 1-form symmetries: a mixed H₃∧p₁ anomaly in 5d and a Z₂-valued uSq²u anomaly in 7d.
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Fracton Topological Holography
Introduces FTH as an extension of TH/SymTFT to type-I and type-II fracton orders, demonstrating boundary switches and dualities for X-cube and Haah's code via stabilizer formalism.
-
Quark-Lepton Color-Flavor Unification
An SU(12)-based model unifies quark color-flavor and lepton flavor, generates Yukawas via instantons, solves strong CP with massless quarks, implements a flavored seesaw, and stabilizes the proton via a discrete gauge symmetry X = B - 3(L_i + L_j - L_k).
-
Anomalies in Neural Network Field Theory
Derives Schwinger-Dyson equations and Ward identities in NN-FT to study anomalies in QFTs via a conserved parameter-space current, yielding a new perspective on symmetries.
-
SymTFT in Superspace
A supersymmetric SymTFT (SuSymTFT) is constructed as a super-BF theory on (n|m)-dimensional supermanifolds and verified for compact and chiral super-bosons in two dimensions.
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Hilbert Space Fragmentation from Generalized Symmetries
Generalized symmetries generate exponentially many Krylov sectors in quantum many-body systems, showing that Hilbert space fragmentation does not by itself imply ergodicity breaking.
-
A General Prescription for Spurion Analysis of Non-Invertible Selection Rules
A general prescription is formulated for spurion analysis of commutative non-invertible fusion algebras in particle physics, unifying prior specific cases and enabling systematic tracking of coupling constants in tree- and loop-level processes without requiring faithful realization or exclusive use.
-
Lattice chiral symmetry from bosons in 3+1d
A bosonic lattice model realizes exact chiral symmetry and its anomaly in 3+1d, with the continuum limit a compact boson theory with axion-like coupling.
-
SymTFT construction of gapless exotic-foliated dual models
Develops a Mille-feuille SymTFT construction that generates foliated and exotic dual bulk theories realizing gapless boundary models with spontaneous continuous subsystem symmetry breaking, including duals of the XY plaquette and XYZ cube models.
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Generalised global symmetries in 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ theories from the blow-up equations
Blow-up equation prefactors encode cubic 1-form self-anomalies and mixed anomalies of 5d N=1 SCFTs, deciding 2-group vs mixed anomaly structure.
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Non-invertible symmetries in the axiverse, and the imaginary wormholes
Imaginary wormholes and the IDB imply that towers of BPS EFT instantons generate infinitely many superpotential terms that break non-invertible axion shift symmetries in N=1 axiverse models.
-
The state/defect correspondence
Establishes a one-to-one correspondence between states and p-dimensional defects in higher-form Maxwell theories via an extended Kac-Moody algebra generated by conserved charges from mixed anomalies, mapping dressed Wilson-'t Hooft defects to squeezed energy eigenstates.
-
$E_\infty^{1,2}$-type Lieb-Schultz-Mattis anomalies, deconfined quantum critical points, and non-invertible symmetry breaking
E∞^{1,2}-type LSM anomalies lead to non-invertible symmetry breaking at type-II deconfined quantum critical points in 1D spin chains.
-
Notes on (-2)-form symmetries
(-2)-form symmetries are realized as non-genuine defects in the Symmetry TFT and relate theories with different anomaly or associator data.
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Gravitational index, black hole saddle degeneracy, and one-form symmetry
The |G|-fold degeneracy of supersymmetric AdS5 black hole index saddles is fixed by the flux-quantized BF coupling of the bulk one-form symmetry and persists unmodified in the decompactified black-brane limit.
-
Quiver Approach to Symmetry Theories
An algebraic method using the path algebra of quivers extracts symmetry anomaly data for 5D SCFTs engineered from M-theory on Calabi-Yau cones.
-
Generalised Symmetries and Swampland-Type Constraints from Charge Quantisation via Rational Homotopy Theory
Refines charge quantization via homotopy type A whose homotopy groups classify brane charges and homology groups classify higher-form symmetries, deriving swampland-like constraints that rule out noncompact gauge groups and non-nilpotent Lie algebras for field strengths.
-
3-Crossed Module Structure in the Five-Dimensional Topological Axion Electrodynamics
The five-dimensional topological axion electrodynamics is shown to possess a 3-crossed module structure through modified Stueckelberg couplings required for background gauge invariance.
-
Generalized Families of QFTs
Broken higher-group and non-invertible symmetries still act on the space of couplings, and their 'family anomalies' force the infrared theory to be gapless, spontaneously broken, or interrupted by a phase transition.
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The Line, the Strip and the Duality Defect
The XY-plaquette model is claimed to possess a continuous SO(2) non-invertible duality symmetry at arbitrary coupling, realized by open condensation defects in its symmetry TFT.
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Spurion Analysis for Non-Invertible Selection Rules from Near-Group Fusions
Generalizes spurion analysis to non-invertible near-group fusion algebras, introduces coupling labels, and explains radiative violation of tree-level selection rules.
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Gauging in superconductors and other electronic systems
Superconductors are bosonic at low energy yet carry a gravito-magnetic anomaly from fermion parity gauging that forbids trivial massive phases in 3D and 4D.
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Comments on Symmetry Operators, Asymptotic Charges and Soft Theorems
1-form symmetries in the QED soft sector generate asymptotic charges whose central extension implies soft photon theorems and fixes a two-soft-photon contact term.
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Extending fusion rules with finite subgroups: A general construction of $Z_{N}$ extended conformal field theories and their orbifoldings
Constructs Z_N extended fusion rings and modular partition functions for nonanomalous subgroups, extending to multicomponent systems and orbifoldings in CFTs.
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Discrete $p$-Form Symmetry and Higher Coulomb Phases
Field theories with ℤ_N p-form symmetry generically admit a Coulomb phase where the infrared theory is Abelian p-form electrodynamics, illustrated via continuum and lattice examples.
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Dyonic lattices, $\theta$-angles and axions in the Standard Model
Classifies dyonic lattices consistent with SM gauge structure, re-derives θ periodicities, reduces physical θ-space to a 2-torus, and shows one axion is insufficient for full CP invariance.
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What's Done Cannot Be Undone: TASI Lectures on Non-Invertible Symmetries
A survey of non-invertible symmetries with constructions in the Ising model and applications to neutral pion decay and other systems.
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Lectures on Generalized Symmetries
Lecture notes that systematically introduce higher-form symmetries, SymTFTs, higher-group symmetries, and related concepts in QFT using gauge theory examples.
- Double fibration in G-theory and the cobordism conjecture