Derives analytic relic yields for dark matter production in general reheating scenarios parametrized by equation-of-state ω, cooling index α, interaction scale Λ and temperature power n, organized by two critical temperature exponents.
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Reheating in Inflationary Cosmology: Theory and Applications
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abstract
Reheating is an important part of inflationary cosmology. It describes the production of Standard Matter particles after the phase of accelerated expansion. We give a review of the reheating process, focusing on an in-depth discussion of the preheating stage which is characterized by exponential particle production due to a parametric resonance or tachyonic instability. We give a brief overview of the thermalization process after preheating and end with a survey of some applications to supersymmetric theories and to other issues in cosmology such as baryogenesis, dark matter and metric preheating.
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representative citing papers
An EFT with inflaton-dependent axion kinetic term organizes direct decay and annihilation production during reheating, yielding ΔN_eff contributions that scale as T_rh^{-2} and T_rh^{4/3} respectively and allowing a two-dimensional map of constraints on Wilson coefficients and reheating temperature.
Dilaton backreaction on an anomaly-inspired axion potential generates a closed-form Lambert-W flattened hilltop, giving r ≈ 0.033–0.036 and α_s ≈ −4.6×10^{-4} at N=56 with strictly adiabatic dynamics.
Stochastic inflationary fluctuations cannot supply the large dark-Higgs displacement required for broad parametric resonance production of vector dark matter, but a classically sourced Hubble-induced minimum can, with distinct relic scaling and consistency conditions.
Reheating is formulated as a regularized variational problem in equation-of-state space whose extremal histories are selected by different cosmological observables.
Non-thermal production via late-decaying reheatons can achieve the observed dark matter density for sexaquarks by controlling branching fractions and coalescence probabilities, unlike thermal freeze-out which underproduces them by many orders of magnitude.
Schwinger fermion production in axion inflation damps gauge fields, enabling observable primordial gravitational waves in LISA/ET bands while satisfying ΔN_eff limits and identifying a new damped-oscillation backreaction regime.
Improved end-of-inflation dynamics shift the Starobinsky model's predicted spectral index n_s by up to 1.2×10^{-3} within the allowed reheating range.
The micrOMEGAs dark-matter package now solves Boltzmann equations with user-defined expansion and entropy histories, adds sub-GeV hadronic annihilation, and updates CMB, dwarf-galaxy, LZ, and CMS constraints.
Inflaton accretion during reheating drives non-linear PBH mass growth that extends lifetimes and amplifies emitted SGWB by multiple orders of magnitude.
Perturbative inflaton decay emits an irreducible stochastic GW background with Ω_GW ∝ f spectrum whose amplitude is set by the hard decay rate and reaches O(10^{-17}) at GHz scales.
Deformed alpha-attractor T-models with a Gaussian feature near the minimum yield more smaller shorter-lived oscillons during self-resonance preheating, suppressing energy in oscillons and altering the high-frequency gravitational wave tail while leaving low frequencies unchanged.
Bose enhancement from a transient condensate of inflaton decay products dramatically increases decay efficiency and amplifies stochastic gravitational wave production to potentially observable levels.
Thermal bath corrections derived via thermofield dynamics enhance the evaporation rate of primordial black holes, shortening their lifetimes relative to zero-temperature calculations.
Lattice simulations show that the post-inflationary equation of state with trilinear interactions returns to zero after an initial deviation, substantially lowering stochastic gravitational wave amplitudes relative to prior estimates.
Einstein-Cartan pseudoscalaron inflation coupled to type-I seesaw neutrinos makes nonthermal leptogenesis a necessary mechanism for the baryon asymmetry, yielding ns ~ 0.97, r ~ 0.004 and nB/s ~ 8.7e-11 for gamma ~ -1/100 and lightest Majorana mass ~ 10^13 GeV.
Resonant dilatonic coupling produces ultralight vector dark matter with relic mass scaling as m_γ' ∝ r_i^{-2} for subdominant spectators in radiation-dominated backgrounds.
Analytic approximations for fermion number density in λφ⁴ preheating scale as q^{1/2} for q ≲ 0.01 and q^{3/4} for q ≳ 10, with resonance peaks or half-filled Fermi spheres depending on the coupling.
Two minimal single-parameter extensions of the α-Starobinsky model shift ns into the 1σ ACT DR6 region while keeping r < 0.038 and yielding T_re ~ 10^9 GeV for N_k in [50,65].
Constrains inflationary tensor parameters to fit the EPTA DR2 signal under CMB, BBN and LVK bounds, favoring radiation-era horizon re-entry but requiring low reheating temperatures.
Multi-phase non-minimal inflation in metric and Palatini gravity predicts ns between 0.93 and 0.98, r up to 0.03 in metric but below 10^{-5} in Palatini, with non-thermal DM and leptogenesis viable for couplings in the 10^{-7} to 10^{-3} range.
Non-standard reheating imprints detectable features on SIGW spectra via non-Gaussianity, with dynamics that can suppress or boost the signal amplitude for LISA.
Lecture notes providing a generic introduction to reheating after inflation, covering its theoretical, phenomenological, and observational aspects.
citing papers explorer
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Freeze-in and ultra-relativistic freeze-out during general reheating scenarios
Derives analytic relic yields for dark matter production in general reheating scenarios parametrized by equation-of-state ω, cooling index α, interaction scale Λ and temperature power n, organized by two critical temperature exponents.
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An EFT Map of Axion Dark Radiation from Reheating
An EFT with inflaton-dependent axion kinetic term organizes direct decay and annihilation production during reheating, yielding ΔN_eff contributions that scale as T_rh^{-2} and T_rh^{4/3} respectively and allowing a two-dimensional map of constraints on Wilson coefficients and reheating temperature.
-
Dilaton-Flattened Axion Inflation
Dilaton backreaction on an anomaly-inspired axion potential generates a closed-form Lambert-W flattened hilltop, giving r ≈ 0.033–0.036 and α_s ≈ −4.6×10^{-4} at N=56 with strictly adiabatic dynamics.
-
Parametric Resonance of Higgsed Vector Dark Matter: Inflationary Initial Conditions and Sourced Displacements
Stochastic inflationary fluctuations cannot supply the large dark-Higgs displacement required for broad parametric resonance production of vector dark matter, but a classically sourced Hubble-induced minimum can, with distinct relic scaling and consistency conditions.
-
Reheating as a variational probe of cosmological observables
Reheating is formulated as a regularized variational problem in equation-of-state space whose extremal histories are selected by different cosmological observables.
-
Non-Thermal Production of Sexaquark Dark Matter
Non-thermal production via late-decaying reheatons can achieve the observed dark matter density for sexaquarks by controlling branching fractions and coalescence probabilities, unlike thermal freeze-out which underproduces them by many orders of magnitude.
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Gravitational waves from axion inflation in the gradient expansion formalism. Part II. Fermionic axion inflation
Schwinger fermion production in axion inflation damps gauge fields, enabling observable primordial gravitational waves in LISA/ET bands while satisfying ΔN_eff limits and identifying a new damped-oscillation backreaction regime.
-
Precision Inflationary Predictions: Impact of Accurate End-of-Inflation Dynamics
Improved end-of-inflation dynamics shift the Starobinsky model's predicted spectral index n_s by up to 1.2×10^{-3} within the allowed reheating range.
-
micrOMEGAs 7: Beyond standard cosmology
The micrOMEGAs dark-matter package now solves Boltzmann equations with user-defined expansion and entropy histories, adds sub-GeV hadronic annihilation, and updates CMB, dwarf-galaxy, LZ, and CMS constraints.
-
Inflaton Accretion onto Primordial Black Holes During Reheating
Inflaton accretion during reheating drives non-linear PBH mass growth that extends lifetimes and amplifies emitted SGWB by multiple orders of magnitude.
-
Irreducible Graviton Floor from Reheating
Perturbative inflaton decay emits an irreducible stochastic GW background with Ω_GW ∝ f spectrum whose amplitude is set by the hard decay rate and reaches O(10^{-17}) at GHz scales.
-
Self-resonance preheating in deformed attractor models: oscillon formation and evolution
Deformed alpha-attractor T-models with a Gaussian feature near the minimum yield more smaller shorter-lived oscillons during self-resonance preheating, suppressing energy in oscillons and altering the high-frequency gravitational wave tail while leaving low frequencies unchanged.
-
Probing Bose-enhanced Inflaton Decay with Gravitational Waves
Bose enhancement from a transient condensate of inflaton decay products dramatically increases decay efficiency and amplifies stochastic gravitational wave production to potentially observable levels.
-
Evaporation of Primordial Black Holes in a Thermal Universe: A Thermofield Dynamics Approach
Thermal bath corrections derived via thermofield dynamics enhance the evaporation rate of primordial black holes, shortening their lifetimes relative to zero-temperature calculations.
-
Equation of state during (p)reheating with trilinear interactions
Lattice simulations show that the post-inflationary equation of state with trilinear interactions returns to zero after an initial deviation, substantially lowering stochastic gravitational wave amplitudes relative to prior estimates.
-
Einstein-Cartan pseudoscalaron inflation, reheating and nonthermal leptogenesis
Einstein-Cartan pseudoscalaron inflation coupled to type-I seesaw neutrinos makes nonthermal leptogenesis a necessary mechanism for the baryon asymmetry, yielding ns ~ 0.97, r ~ 0.004 and nB/s ~ 8.7e-11 for gamma ~ -1/100 and lightest Majorana mass ~ 10^13 GeV.
-
Dilaton-Induced Resonant Production of Ultralight Vector Dark Matter
Resonant dilatonic coupling produces ultralight vector dark matter with relic mass scaling as m_γ' ∝ r_i^{-2} for subdominant spectators in radiation-dominated backgrounds.
-
Analytic Approximations for Fermionic Preheating
Analytic approximations for fermion number density in λφ⁴ preheating scale as q^{1/2} for q ≲ 0.01 and q^{3/4} for q ≳ 10, with resonance peaks or half-filled Fermi spheres depending on the coupling.
-
Minimal Extensions of the $\alpha$-Starobinsky Model: Reconciling ACT DR6 and Reheating Constraints
Two minimal single-parameter extensions of the α-Starobinsky model shift ns into the 1σ ACT DR6 region while keeping r < 0.038 and yielding T_re ~ 10^9 GeV for N_k in [50,65].
-
Inflationary interpretation of the gravitational-wave signal in the European Pulsar Timing Array DR2 with constraints
Constrains inflationary tensor parameters to fit the EPTA DR2 signal under CMB, BBN and LVK bounds, favoring radiation-era horizon re-entry but requiring low reheating temperatures.
-
Induced Multi-phase Inflation with Reheating: Leptogenesis and Dark Matter Production in Metric versus Palatini
Multi-phase non-minimal inflation in metric and Palatini gravity predicts ns between 0.93 and 0.98, r up to 0.03 in metric but below 10^{-5} in Palatini, with non-thermal DM and leptogenesis viable for couplings in the 10^{-7} to 10^{-3} range.
-
Probing non-Gaussianity during reheating with SIGW in the LISA band
Non-standard reheating imprints detectable features on SIGW spectra via non-Gaussianity, with dynamics that can suppress or boost the signal amplitude for LISA.
-
Lectures on Reheating after Inflation
Lecture notes providing a generic introduction to reheating after inflation, covering its theoretical, phenomenological, and observational aspects.