MME-RealWorld is the largest manually annotated high-resolution benchmark for MLLMs, where even the best models achieve less than 60% accuracy on challenging real-world tasks.
hub Mixed citations
ChartQA: A Benchmark for Question Answering about Charts with Visual and Logical Reasoning
Mixed citation behavior. Most common role is background (52%).
abstract
Charts are very popular for analyzing data. When exploring charts, people often ask a variety of complex reasoning questions that involve several logical and arithmetic operations. They also commonly refer to visual features of a chart in their questions. However, most existing datasets do not focus on such complex reasoning questions as their questions are template-based and answers come from a fixed-vocabulary. In this work, we present a large-scale benchmark covering 9.6K human-written questions as well as 23.1K questions generated from human-written chart summaries. To address the unique challenges in our benchmark involving visual and logical reasoning over charts, we present two transformer-based models that combine visual features and the data table of the chart in a unified way to answer questions. While our models achieve the state-of-the-art results on the previous datasets as well as on our benchmark, the evaluation also reveals several challenges in answering complex reasoning questions.
hub tools
citation-role summary
citation-polarity summary
representative citing papers
ZPPO improves distillation to small vision-language models by using binary and negative candidate prompts plus a replay buffer for hard questions, outperforming standard distillation and GRPO on a 31-benchmark suite with largest gains at the 0.8B scale.
Iterative solvers in layer-wise model merging act as spectral regularizers on an ill-posed interference operator; closed-form SWUDI and adaptive SWUDI-A match or exceed SOTA merging accuracy with 28-72x wall-clock speedup.
EpiCurveBench supplies 1,000 epidemic curve images and ECS metric shows top VLMs reach only 52.3% while correlating 1.5-3.6 times more strongly than DTW with downstream epidemiological statistics.
WikiVQABench is a human-curated collection of Wikipedia-based VQA items that require both visual evidence and external knowledge from Wikidata to answer correctly.
Visual debiasing of omni-modal benchmarks combined with staged post-training lets a 3B model match or exceed a 30B model without a stronger teacher.
Current MLLMs show weak performance on small object understanding tasks, but fine-tuning with the new SOU-Train dataset measurably improves their capabilities.
Q-Mask uses query-conditioned causal masks to separate text location from recognition in OCR VLMs, backed by a new benchmark and 26M-pair training dataset.
InterChart is a new benchmark that reveals steep drops in VLM accuracy when moving from single-chart facts to integrative reasoning over 2-3 related charts, with better performance after decomposing complex charts.
MMSearch-R1 uses reinforcement learning to train multimodal models for on-demand multi-turn internet search with image and text tools, outperforming same-size RAG baselines and matching larger ones while cutting search calls by over 30%.
VGR introduces a visual-grounded reasoning MLLM that detects and replays image regions during inference, achieving gains on visual benchmarks with 30% fewer image tokens than the LLaVA-NeXT-7B baseline.
A survey that defines Compound AI Systems, proposes a multi-dimensional taxonomy based on component roles and orchestration strategies, reviews four foundational paradigms, and identifies key challenges for future research.
FLARE is a vision-language model family using text-guided vision encoding, context-aware alignment decoding, dual-semantic mapping loss, and text-driven VQA synthesis to achieve deep cross-modal integration, outperforming larger models with only 630 vision tokens at 3B scale.
R1-VL uses StepGRPO with rule-based StepRAR and StepRVR rewards to let MLLMs learn step-by-step reasoning beyond imitation of positive paths.
OCRBench v2 is a new benchmark with four times more tasks than prior versions that reveals most large multimodal models score below 50 out of 100 on visual text tasks and share five specific weaknesses.
PyramidDrop accelerates LVLMs by staged, similarity-based dropping of visual tokens that become redundant in deeper layers, delivering 40% faster training and 55% lower inference cost with comparable accuracy.
VLM2Vec converts state-of-the-art vision-language models into universal multimodal embedders via contrastive training on the new MMEB benchmark, delivering 10-20% absolute gains over prior models on both in-distribution and out-of-distribution tasks.
HallusionBench shows GPT-4V reaches only 31.42% accuracy on paired questions testing language hallucination and visual illusion in LVLMs, with other models below 16%.
ViQ is a new two-stage text-aligned quantization method for visual features supporting arbitrary resolutions that claims competitive multimodal performance with efficiency gains of 20-70%.
ViTexQA is a dataset forcing multi-frame text fusion for all questions, with FrameThinker achieving 6.3% ROUGE-L gain over baselines via CoT SFT and temporally-grounded RL.
HPP decouples perception from reasoning in long-video VLMs by having an LLM run iterative programmatic probes on hierarchically segmented video, reporting gains on LongVideoBench, EgoSchema, VideoMME, and MLVU.
Visual-OPSD distills reasoning from a privileged visual-thought teacher to a text-only student using on-policy JSD, delivering +3.40pp accuracy gain and 14.3x speedup over the generative teacher on nine benchmarks.
Qwen-RobotWorld is a language-conditioned video world model using Double-Stream MMDiT, an 8.6M-frame embodied corpus, and progressive curriculum training that ranks first on EWMBench and DreamGen Bench.
Staged post-training that first solidifies visual perception before visual and textual reasoning improves VLM accuracy and shortens reasoning traces on visual math and perception benchmarks.
citing papers explorer
-
MME-RealWorld: Could Your Multimodal LLM Challenge High-Resolution Real-World Scenarios that are Difficult for Humans?
MME-RealWorld is the largest manually annotated high-resolution benchmark for MLLMs, where even the best models achieve less than 60% accuracy on challenging real-world tasks.
-
Zone of Proximal Policy Optimization: Teacher in Prompts, Not Gradients
ZPPO improves distillation to small vision-language models by using binary and negative candidate prompts plus a replay buffer for hard questions, outperforming standard distillation and GRPO on a 31-benchmark suite with largest gains at the 0.8B scale.
-
Closed-Form Spectral Regularization for Multi-Task Model Merging
Iterative solvers in layer-wise model merging act as spectral regularizers on an ill-posed interference operator; closed-form SWUDI and adaptive SWUDI-A match or exceed SOTA merging accuracy with 28-72x wall-clock speedup.
-
EpiCurveBench: Evaluating VLMs on Epidemic Curve Digitization
EpiCurveBench supplies 1,000 epidemic curve images and ECS metric shows top VLMs reach only 52.3% while correlating 1.5-3.6 times more strongly than DTW with downstream epidemiological statistics.
-
WikiVQABench: A Knowledge-Grounded Visual Question Answering Benchmark from Wikipedia and Wikidata
WikiVQABench is a human-curated collection of Wikipedia-based VQA items that require both visual evidence and external knowledge from Wikidata to answer correctly.
-
Boosting Omni-Modal Language Models: Staged Post-Training with Visually Debiased Evaluation
Visual debiasing of omni-modal benchmarks combined with staged post-training lets a 3B model match or exceed a 30B model without a stronger teacher.
-
Can Multimodal Large Language Models Truly Understand Small Objects?
Current MLLMs show weak performance on small object understanding tasks, but fine-tuning with the new SOU-Train dataset measurably improves their capabilities.
-
Q-Mask: Query-driven Causal Masks for Text Anchoring in OCR-Oriented Vision-Language Models
Q-Mask uses query-conditioned causal masks to separate text location from recognition in OCR VLMs, backed by a new benchmark and 26M-pair training dataset.
-
InterChart: Benchmarking Visual Reasoning Across Decomposed and Distributed Chart Information
InterChart is a new benchmark that reveals steep drops in VLM accuracy when moving from single-chart facts to integrative reasoning over 2-3 related charts, with better performance after decomposing complex charts.
-
MMSearch-R1: Incentivizing LMMs to Search
MMSearch-R1 uses reinforcement learning to train multimodal models for on-demand multi-turn internet search with image and text tools, outperforming same-size RAG baselines and matching larger ones while cutting search calls by over 30%.
-
VGR: Visual Grounded Reasoning
VGR introduces a visual-grounded reasoning MLLM that detects and replays image regions during inference, achieving gains on visual benchmarks with 30% fewer image tokens than the LLaVA-NeXT-7B baseline.
-
From Standalone LLMs to Integrated Intelligence: A Survey of Compound Al Systems
A survey that defines Compound AI Systems, proposes a multi-dimensional taxonomy based on component roles and orchestration strategies, reviews four foundational paradigms, and identifies key challenges for future research.
-
FLARE: Fully Integration of Vision-Language Representations for Deep Cross-Modal Understanding
FLARE is a vision-language model family using text-guided vision encoding, context-aware alignment decoding, dual-semantic mapping loss, and text-driven VQA synthesis to achieve deep cross-modal integration, outperforming larger models with only 630 vision tokens at 3B scale.
-
R1-VL: Learning to Reason with Multimodal Large Language Models via Step-wise Group Relative Policy Optimization
R1-VL uses StepGRPO with rule-based StepRAR and StepRVR rewards to let MLLMs learn step-by-step reasoning beyond imitation of positive paths.
-
OCRBench v2: An Improved Benchmark for Evaluating Large Multimodal Models on Visual Text Localization and Reasoning
OCRBench v2 is a new benchmark with four times more tasks than prior versions that reveals most large multimodal models score below 50 out of 100 on visual text tasks and share five specific weaknesses.
-
PyramidDrop: Accelerating Your Large Vision-Language Models via Pyramid Visual Redundancy Reduction
PyramidDrop accelerates LVLMs by staged, similarity-based dropping of visual tokens that become redundant in deeper layers, delivering 40% faster training and 55% lower inference cost with comparable accuracy.
-
VLM2Vec: Training Vision-Language Models for Massive Multimodal Embedding Tasks
VLM2Vec converts state-of-the-art vision-language models into universal multimodal embedders via contrastive training on the new MMEB benchmark, delivering 10-20% absolute gains over prior models on both in-distribution and out-of-distribution tasks.
-
HallusionBench: An Advanced Diagnostic Suite for Entangled Language Hallucination and Visual Illusion in Large Vision-Language Models
HallusionBench shows GPT-4V reaches only 31.42% accuracy on paired questions testing language hallucination and visual illusion in LVLMs, with other models below 16%.
-
ViQ: Text-Aligned Visual Quantized Representations at Any Resolution
ViQ is a new two-stage text-aligned quantization method for visual features supporting arbitrary resolutions that claims competitive multimodal performance with efficiency gains of 20-70%.
-
ViTexQA: A Multi-Frame Temporal Perception Dataset for Video Text Question Answering
ViTexQA is a dataset forcing multi-frame text fusion for all questions, with FrameThinker achieving 6.3% ROUGE-L gain over baselines via CoT SFT and temporally-grounded RL.
-
HPP: Hierarchical Programmatic Probing for Long Video Understanding by Decoupling Perception and Reasoning
HPP decouples perception from reasoning in long-video VLMs by having an LLM run iterative programmatic probes on hierarchically segmented video, reporting gains on LongVideoBench, EgoSchema, VideoMME, and MLVU.
-
Visual-OPSD: Cross-Modal On-Policy Self-Distillation for Efficient Unified Multimodal Reasoning
Visual-OPSD distills reasoning from a privileged visual-thought teacher to a text-only student using on-policy JSD, delivering +3.40pp accuracy gain and 14.3x speedup over the generative teacher on nine benchmarks.
-
Qwen-RobotWorld Technical Report: Unifying Embodied World Modeling through Language-Conditioned Video Generation
Qwen-RobotWorld is a language-conditioned video world model using Double-Stream MMDiT, an 8.6M-frame embodied corpus, and progressive curriculum training that ranks first on EWMBench and DreamGen Bench.
-
From Seeing to Thinking: Decoupling Perception and Reasoning Improves Post-Training of Vision-Language Models
Staged post-training that first solidifies visual perception before visual and textual reasoning improves VLM accuracy and shortens reasoning traces on visual math and perception benchmarks.
-
Starve to Perceive: Taming Lazy Perception in VLMs with Constrained Visual Bandwidth
Constraining visual token budgets during SFT and RL forces VLMs to learn functional active perception, yielding ~5% relative gains and strong transfer to unconstrained evaluation.
-
Reinforcing Multimodal Reasoning Against Visual Degradation
ROMA improves MLLM robustness to seen and unseen visual corruptions by +2.3-2.4% over GRPO on seven reasoning benchmarks while matching clean accuracy.
-
Q-Zoom: Query-Aware Adaptive Perception for Efficient Multimodal Large Language Models
Q-Zoom achieves up to 4.39x inference speedup in high-resolution MLLM scenarios via query-aware gating and region localization, matching or exceeding baseline accuracy on document and high-res benchmarks.
-
Saliency-R1: Enforcing Interpretable and Faithful Vision-language Reasoning via Saliency-map Alignment Reward
Saliency-R1 uses a novel saliency map technique and GRPO with human bounding-box overlap as reward to improve VLM reasoning faithfulness and interpretability.
-
Chart-RL: Policy Optimization Reinforcement Learning for Enhanced Visual Reasoning in Chart Question Answering with Vision Language Models
Chart-RL uses RL policy optimization and LoRA to boost VLM chart reasoning, enabling a 4B model to reach 0.634 accuracy versus 0.580 for an 8B model with lower latency.
-
Boosting Document Parsing Efficiency and Performance with Coarse-to-Fine Visual Processing
PaddleOCR-VL uses a Valid Region Focus Module to select key visual tokens and a 0.9B model for guided recognition, delivering SOTA document parsing with far fewer tokens and parameters.
-
EviSearch: A Human in the Loop System for Extracting and Auditing Clinical Evidence for Systematic Reviews
EviSearch automates ontology-aligned clinical evidence table creation from native PDFs with comprehensive provenance logging for auditability and iterative improvement.
-
FPBench: A Comprehensive Benchmark of Multimodal Large Language Models for Fingerprint Analysis
FPBench evaluates 20 MLLMs across 8 fingerprint tasks on 7 datasets and shows fine-tuning vision and language encoders improves performance by 7-39%.
-
Boosting Reasoning in Large Multimodal Models via Activation Replay
Activation Replay boosts multimodal reasoning in post-trained LMMs by replaying low-entropy activations from base models to RLVR counterparts at test time via visual token manipulation.
-
DeepEyesV2: Toward Agentic Multimodal Model
DeepEyesV2 uses a two-stage cold-start plus reinforcement learning pipeline to produce an agentic multimodal model that adaptively invokes tools and outperforms direct RL on real-world reasoning benchmarks.
-
Routing-Based Continual Learning for Multimodal Large Language Models
Routing architecture for MLLMs enables continual learning with constant compute, matching multi-task learning performance and supporting cross-modal transfer.
-
DeepSeek-OCR: Contexts Optical Compression
DeepSeek-OCR compresses text contexts up to 20x via 2D optical mapping while achieving 97% OCR accuracy below 10x and 60% at 20x, outperforming prior OCR tools with fewer vision tokens.
-
ViSurf: Visual Supervised-and-Reinforcement Fine-Tuning for Large Vision-and-Language Models
ViSurf unifies SFT and RLVR for LVLMs in one training stage by injecting ground-truth labels into rollouts and applying novel reward controls, outperforming standalone and two-stage baselines on diverse benchmarks.
-
DeFacto: Counterfactual Thinking with Images for Enforcing Evidence-Grounded and Faithful Reasoning
DeFacto trains multimodal models with counterfactual image variants and GRPO reinforcement learning to enforce that correct answers are supported by correct visual evidence.
-
Qwen3-Omni Technical Report
Qwen3-Omni is a unified multimodal model that achieves open-source SOTA on 32 of 36 audio and audio-visual benchmarks and overall SOTA on 22 without degrading performance on text, image, or video relative to single-modal Qwen counterparts.
-
LLaDA-V: Large Language Diffusion Models with Visual Instruction Tuning
LLaDA-V is a diffusion-based multimodal large language model that reaches competitive or state-of-the-art results on visual instruction tasks while using a non-autoregressive architecture.
-
LMM-R1: Empowering 3B LMMs with Strong Reasoning Abilities Through Two-Stage Rule-Based RL
A two-stage RL framework first boosts text reasoning in 3B LMMs then adapts it to multimodal inputs, producing modest benchmark gains of 4.5-4.8%.
-
Emu3: Next-Token Prediction is All You Need
Emu3 shows that next-token prediction on a unified discrete token space for text, images, and video lets a single transformer outperform task-specific models such as SDXL and LLaVA-1.6 in multimodal generation and perception.
-
SEED-X: Multimodal Models with Unified Multi-granularity Comprehension and Generation
SEED-X is a unified multimodal foundation model that handles multi-granularity visual semantics for both comprehension and generation across arbitrary image sizes and ratios.
-
MM1: Methods, Analysis & Insights from Multimodal LLM Pre-training
MM1 models achieve state-of-the-art few-shot multimodal results by pre-training on a careful mix of image-caption, interleaved, and text-only data with optimized image encoders.
-
OCRBench: On the Hidden Mystery of OCR in Large Multimodal Models
OCRBench provides the largest evaluation suite yet for OCR capabilities in large multimodal models, revealing gaps in multilingual, handwritten, and mathematical text handling.
-
From Structure to Synergy: A Survey of Vision-Language Perception Paradigm Evolution in Multimodal Large Language Models
The survey formalizes MLLM perception as a unified vision-language capability and traces its evolution via a new five-stage taxonomy while outlining future challenges.
-
Evaluating Reasoning Fidelity in Visual Text Generation
T2I models frequently exhibit semantic errors, logical inconsistencies, and incorrect reasoning steps in visual text generation tasks, unlike text-only models.
-
ABot-OCR Technical Report
ABot-OCR is a new end-to-end VLM for direct image-to-Markdown transcription using a custom data engine and structure-constrained RL optimization, reporting SOTA scores of 92.81/93.30 on OmniDocBench v1.5/v1.6.
-
Efficient Long-Context Modeling in Diffusion Language Models via Block Approximate Sparse Attention
BA-Att introduces pre-downsampled block selection with norm-sorting and diagonal covariance correction to approximate sparse attention, yielding up to 6.95x speedup at 50% sparsity across language, multimodal, and video models.
-
Semantic-Enriched Latent Visual Reasoning
SLVR is a two-stage method that enriches region-centric latent representations with fine-grained attribute semantics and aligns them via M-GRPO across multiple queries on the same region, supported by new SLV-Set dataset and SV-QA benchmark.