The paper classifies one-dimensional Abelian translationally covariant modulated symmetries via Jordan normal forms and derives their Goldstone actions, which modify the conventional theorem by type of symmetry.
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Lectures on Generalized Symmetries
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abstract
These are a set of lecture notes on generalized global symmetries in quantum field theory. The focus is on invertible symmetries with a few comments regarding non-invertible symmetries. The main topics covered are the basics of higher-form symmetries and their properties including 't Hooft anomalies, gauging and spontaneous symmetry breaking. We also introduce the useful notion of symmetry topological field theories (SymTFTs). Furthermore, an introduction to higher-group symmetries describing mixings of higher-form symmetries is provided. Some advanced topics covered include the encoding of higher-form symmetries in holography and geometric engineering constructions in string theory. Throughout the text, all concepts are consistently illustrated using gauge theories as examples.
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representative citing papers
A bordism computation for K(Z,3) produces two new anomaly classes for U(1) 1-form symmetries: a mixed H₃∧p₁ anomaly in 5d and a Z₂-valued uSq²u anomaly in 7d.
Twin condensable algebras are introduced as condensable algebras with identical anyon decompositions but inequivalent algebra structures, yielding distinct symmetric phases in group-theoretical topological orders.
Constructs a family of non-invertible topological defects in n Weyl fermion theories via unfolding of G-symmetric boundary conditions for Dirac fermions, with explicit descriptions for U(1)^n and applications to fermion-boundary scattering.
Any weakly integral fusion category admits a QCA-refined realization on tensor-product Hilbert spaces with QCA and symmetry indices fixed by the categorical data under defect assumptions.
Derives Schwinger-Dyson equations and Ward identities in NN-FT to study anomalies in QFTs via a conserved parameter-space current, yielding a new perspective on symmetries.
Constructs non-invertible duality defects in (2+1)d QFTs from half-spacetime gauging of 2-group symmetries and derives explicit fusion rules with examples in U(1)^3 gauge theories.
The charge-p Schwinger model on de Sitter space has p distinct, locally indistinguishable, de Sitter-invariant Hadamard vacuum states produced by spontaneously broken discrete Z_p symmetries.
A supersymmetric SymTFT (SuSymTFT) is constructed as a super-BF theory on (n|m)-dimensional supermanifolds and verified for compact and chiral super-bosons in two dimensions.
Generalized symmetries generate exponentially many Krylov sectors in quantum many-body systems, showing that Hilbert space fragmentation does not by itself imply ergodicity breaking.
A bosonic lattice model realizes exact chiral symmetry and its anomaly in 3+1d, with the continuum limit a compact boson theory with axion-like coupling.
Develops a Mille-feuille SymTFT construction that generates foliated and exotic dual bulk theories realizing gapless boundary models with spontaneous continuous subsystem symmetry breaking, including duals of the XY plaquette and XYZ cube models.
Blow-up equation prefactors encode cubic 1-form self-anomalies and mixed anomalies of 5d N=1 SCFTs, deciding 2-group vs mixed anomaly structure.
BF Lagrangians for non-abelian DW theories (e.g. dihedral groups) are obtained by gauging H^(0) symmetries of abelian DW theories, with twisted cohomologies and condensation-defect operators verified by character-table linking.
Imaginary wormholes and the IDB imply that towers of BPS EFT instantons generate infinitely many superpotential terms that break non-invertible axion shift symmetries in N=1 axiverse models.
E∞^{1,2}-type LSM anomalies lead to non-invertible symmetry breaking at type-II deconfined quantum critical points in 1D spin chains.
(-2)-form symmetries are realized as non-genuine defects in the Symmetry TFT and relate theories with different anomaly or associator data.
The |G|-fold degeneracy of supersymmetric AdS5 black hole index saddles is fixed by the flux-quantized BF coupling of the bulk one-form symmetry and persists unmodified in the decompactified black-brane limit.
An algebraic method using the path algebra of quivers extracts symmetry anomaly data for 5D SCFTs engineered from M-theory on Calabi-Yau cones.
Ensemble averaging in holography is reframed as averaging over topological completions of a relative theory via SymTFT boundary conditions, reproducing known moments in Marolf-Maxfield and Narain models.
The symmetry category of a 2D QFT with G-symmetry and anomaly k equals the twisted Hilbert space category Hilb^k(G), whose Drinfeld center is the twisted representation category of the conjugation groupoid C*-algebra, enabling braiding computations in the 3D SymTFT.
Candidate modular invariants and gaugings for continuous G-symmetries with anomaly k are obtained from +1 eigenspaces of semiclassical modular kernels in a BF+kCS SymTFT model.
Refines charge quantization via homotopy type A whose homotopy groups classify brane charges and homology groups classify higher-form symmetries, deriving swampland-like constraints that rule out noncompact gauge groups and non-nilpotent Lie algebras for field strengths.
In self-dual Yang-Mills the S-algebra becomes an algebra of 1-form symmetries whose 2-form currents link integrability to the equality of Carrollian corner charges and celestial chiral algebra modes.
citing papers explorer
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Translationally Covariant Modulated Symmetries: Classification and Goldstone
The paper classifies one-dimensional Abelian translationally covariant modulated symmetries via Jordan normal forms and derives their Goldstone actions, which modify the conventional theorem by type of symmetry.
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On Quantum Aspects of 1-Form Symmetries II: Bordism, Invertible Phases, and Anomalies
A bordism computation for K(Z,3) produces two new anomaly classes for U(1) 1-form symmetries: a mixed H₃∧p₁ anomaly in 5d and a Z₂-valued uSq²u anomaly in 7d.
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Twin Algebras: Condensable Algebras beyond Anyons
Twin condensable algebras are introduced as condensable algebras with identical anyon decompositions but inequivalent algebra structures, yielding distinct symmetric phases in group-theoretical topological orders.
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Non-invertible Symmetries in Weyl Fermions, and Applications to Fermion-Boundary Scattering Problem
Constructs a family of non-invertible topological defects in n Weyl fermion theories via unfolding of G-symmetric boundary conditions for Dirac fermions, with explicit descriptions for U(1)^n and applications to fermion-boundary scattering.
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Non-Invertible Symmetries on Tensor-Product Hilbert Spaces and Quantum Cellular Automata
Any weakly integral fusion category admits a QCA-refined realization on tensor-product Hilbert spaces with QCA and symmetry indices fixed by the categorical data under defect assumptions.
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Anomalies in Neural Network Field Theory
Derives Schwinger-Dyson equations and Ward identities in NN-FT to study anomalies in QFTs via a conserved parameter-space current, yielding a new perspective on symmetries.
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Half-Spacetime Gauging of 2-Group Symmetry in 3d
Constructs non-invertible duality defects in (2+1)d QFTs from half-spacetime gauging of 2-group symmetries and derives explicit fusion rules with examples in U(1)^3 gauge theories.
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de Sitter Vacua & pUniverses
The charge-p Schwinger model on de Sitter space has p distinct, locally indistinguishable, de Sitter-invariant Hadamard vacuum states produced by spontaneously broken discrete Z_p symmetries.
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SymTFT in Superspace
A supersymmetric SymTFT (SuSymTFT) is constructed as a super-BF theory on (n|m)-dimensional supermanifolds and verified for compact and chiral super-bosons in two dimensions.
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Hilbert Space Fragmentation from Generalized Symmetries
Generalized symmetries generate exponentially many Krylov sectors in quantum many-body systems, showing that Hilbert space fragmentation does not by itself imply ergodicity breaking.
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Lattice chiral symmetry from bosons in 3+1d
A bosonic lattice model realizes exact chiral symmetry and its anomaly in 3+1d, with the continuum limit a compact boson theory with axion-like coupling.
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SymTFT construction of gapless exotic-foliated dual models
Develops a Mille-feuille SymTFT construction that generates foliated and exotic dual bulk theories realizing gapless boundary models with spontaneous continuous subsystem symmetry breaking, including duals of the XY plaquette and XYZ cube models.
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Generalised global symmetries in 5d $\mathcal{N}=1$ theories from the blow-up equations
Blow-up equation prefactors encode cubic 1-form self-anomalies and mixed anomalies of 5d N=1 SCFTs, deciding 2-group vs mixed anomaly structure.
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On Lagrangians of Non-abelian Dijkgraaf-Witten Theories
BF Lagrangians for non-abelian DW theories (e.g. dihedral groups) are obtained by gauging H^(0) symmetries of abelian DW theories, with twisted cohomologies and condensation-defect operators verified by character-table linking.
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Non-invertible symmetries in the axiverse, and the imaginary wormholes
Imaginary wormholes and the IDB imply that towers of BPS EFT instantons generate infinitely many superpotential terms that break non-invertible axion shift symmetries in N=1 axiverse models.
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$E_\infty^{1,2}$-type Lieb-Schultz-Mattis anomalies, deconfined quantum critical points, and non-invertible symmetry breaking
E∞^{1,2}-type LSM anomalies lead to non-invertible symmetry breaking at type-II deconfined quantum critical points in 1D spin chains.
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Notes on (-2)-form symmetries
(-2)-form symmetries are realized as non-genuine defects in the Symmetry TFT and relate theories with different anomaly or associator data.
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Gravitational index, black hole saddle degeneracy, and one-form symmetry
The |G|-fold degeneracy of supersymmetric AdS5 black hole index saddles is fixed by the flux-quantized BF coupling of the bulk one-form symmetry and persists unmodified in the decompactified black-brane limit.
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Quiver Approach to Symmetry Theories
An algebraic method using the path algebra of quivers extracts symmetry anomaly data for 5D SCFTs engineered from M-theory on Calabi-Yau cones.
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From Baby Universes to Narain Moduli: Topological Boundary Averaging in SymTFTs
Ensemble averaging in holography is reframed as averaging over topological completions of a relative theory via SymTFT boundary conditions, reproducing known moments in Marolf-Maxfield and Narain models.
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Categorical Symmetries via Operator Algebras
The symmetry category of a 2D QFT with G-symmetry and anomaly k equals the twisted Hilbert space category Hilb^k(G), whose Drinfeld center is the twisted representation category of the conjugation groupoid C*-algebra, enabling braiding computations in the 3D SymTFT.
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Candidate Gaugings of Categorical Continuous Symmetry
Candidate modular invariants and gaugings for continuous G-symmetries with anomaly k are obtained from +1 eigenspaces of semiclassical modular kernels in a BF+kCS SymTFT model.
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Generalised Symmetries and Swampland-Type Constraints from Charge Quantisation via Rational Homotopy Theory
Refines charge quantization via homotopy type A whose homotopy groups classify brane charges and homology groups classify higher-form symmetries, deriving swampland-like constraints that rule out noncompact gauge groups and non-nilpotent Lie algebras for field strengths.
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Celestial 1-form symmetries
In self-dual Yang-Mills the S-algebra becomes an algebra of 1-form symmetries whose 2-form currents link integrability to the equality of Carrollian corner charges and celestial chiral algebra modes.
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Does hot QCD have a conformal manifold in the chiral limit?
An 't Hooft anomaly at general imaginary baryon chemical potential constrains the QCD chiral transition to three minimal CFT scenarios, with the favored one for N_f >= 3 featuring a conformal manifold of theta_B-dependent universality classes with an exactly marginal operator tied to baryon density.
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Generalized Families of QFTs
Broken higher-group and non-invertible symmetries still act on the space of couplings, and their 'family anomalies' force the infrared theory to be gapless, spontaneously broken, or interrupted by a phase transition.
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The Line, the Strip and the Duality Defect
The XY-plaquette model is claimed to possess a continuous SO(2) non-invertible duality symmetry at arbitrary coupling, realized by open condensation defects in its symmetry TFT.
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Modulated symmetries from generalized Lieb-Schultz-Mattis anomalies
Spatially modulated symmetries arise from gauging ordinary symmetries under generalized LSM anomalies, with explicit lattice models in 2D and 3D plus field-theoretic descriptions in arbitrary dimensions that connect to higher-group structures.
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On Quantum Aspects of 1-Form Symmetries I: BV-BRST Cohomology and Anomaly Polynomials
Constructs Čech-de Rham bicomplex from gerbe data for BV-BRST complex and anomaly descent of U(1) 1-form symmetries in Maxwell theory.
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Constrained integrability and anyonic chains
A modified boost-operator method yields new integrable anyonic chains (including su(2)_k spin-3/2, TY(Z_n), Fib×Fib, Fib×Ising) and a criterion for when Temperley-Lieb algebras appear.
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Zee models with a non-invertible $Z_M$ symmetry
Zee models are classified under non-invertible Z_M symmetries; viable candidates are identified from data consistency, and a Z_7 benchmark yields numerical predictions for neutrino parameters and CLFV rates.
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Fusion of Integrable Defects and the Defect $g$-Function
Derives additivity and fusion rules for defect g-functions in integrable 2D QFT, with effective amplitudes for non-topological cases and lowered entropy contribution in Ising non-topological fusion.
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Non-Invertible Symmetries in Compactified Supergravities
Non-invertible symmetry defects from 11D supergravity descend to Type IIA, splitting the Bianchi sector into invertible H[3] and twisted non-invertible F[4] parts with a BF-type auxiliary sector.
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Global symmetries: locality, unitarity, and regularity
Authors introduce an observable measuring non-locality properties of symmetry operators that encodes fusion algebra information for a class of examples in QFT.
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Extending fusion rules with finite subgroups: A general construction of $Z_{N}$ extended conformal field theories and their orbifoldings
Constructs Z_N extended fusion rings and modular partition functions for nonanomalous subgroups, extending to multicomponent systems and orbifoldings in CFTs.
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Discrete $p$-Form Symmetry and Higher Coulomb Phases
Field theories with ℤ_N p-form symmetry generically admit a Coulomb phase where the infrared theory is Abelian p-form electrodynamics, illustrated via continuum and lattice examples.
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What's Done Cannot Be Undone: TASI Lectures on Non-Invertible Symmetries
A survey of non-invertible symmetries with constructions in the Ising model and applications to neutral pion decay and other systems.
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Spectral Networks: Bridging higher-rank Teichm\"uller theory and BPS states
A comprehensive introduction to spectral networks that develops higher-rank Teichmüller theory in parallel with class S gauge theory and BPS spectra.
- Defect Conformal Manifolds along RG Domain Walls between $\mathbb Z_N$-Parafermions and Minimal Models
- Double fibration in G-theory and the cobordism conjecture