DEFROST algorithm disentangles Galactic and extragalactic Faraday rotation in RM catalogs, recovering extragalactic parameters within 5 sigma for sources at absolute Galactic latitude above 45 degrees.
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Cosmological Magnetic Fields: Their Generation, Evolution and Observation
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abstract
We review the possible mechanisms for the generation of cosmological magnetic fields, discuss their evolution in an expanding Universe filled with the cosmic plasma and provide a critical review of the literature on the subject. We put special emphasis on the prospects for observational tests of the proposed cosmological magnetogenesis scenarios using radio and gamma-ray astronomy and ultra high energy cosmic rays. We argue that primordial magnetic fields are observationally testable. They lead to magnetic fields in the intergalactic medium with magnetic field strength and correlation length in a well defined range. We also state the unsolved questions in this fascinating open problem of cosmology and propose future observations to address them.
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The paper calculates multifrequency angular power spectra of the 21 cm line for models with primordial magnetic fields of strength 4 nG and spectral indices -2.9 and -2.5, then estimates signal-to-noise ratios for uGMRT, MeerKAT and SKA1-MID.
Axions produced in supernovae generate a diffuse gamma-ray signal through conversion in magnetic fields, yielding competitive constraints on the axion-photon coupling from COMPTEL, EGRET, and Fermi-LAT data plus forecasts for future MeV telescopes.
Shell-to-shell transfer analysis in decaying MHD turbulence demonstrates direct non-local inverse energy transfer from the integral scale, resulting in multiplicative growth of large-scale magnetic energy, confined within helical sectors when net helicity is zero.
Coupling dark photons to standard photons enables adequate primordial magnetogenesis without strong-coupling or backreaction issues.
Multi-phase inflation with chiral vector interactions generates amplified primordial magnetic fields that induce a detectable circularly polarized gravitational-wave background.
Proposes that axion-photon conversion in pre-CMB helical magnetic fields imprints detectable V-mode polarization in the CMB, allowing CLASS 40 GHz observations to constrain ALP masses 10^{-10} to 10^{-8} eV and their photon coupling under optimistic nG field assumptions.
JWST UV luminosity function calibration of reionization history bounds primordial magnetic fields to √<B²> < 0.27 nG (n_B=-2) and < 0.18 nG (n_B=2) at 95% CL by ruling out double reionization at z≈24.
In asymptotically safe gravity, radiation-filled Bianchi-I cosmologies show quantum corrections that soften anisotropy, while magnetic fields lead to persistent Kasner anisotropy without Lambda but isotropic de Sitter decay with nonzero Lambda.
Axion-like particles in the trapped misalignment mechanism produce observable gravitational waves while generating intergalactic magnetic fields that exceed blazar lower bounds in the parameter space promising for gravitational wave detection.
Flavour deconstruction models with semi-simple gauge groups generically produce light monopoles that require low-scale reheating after inflation to satisfy cosmological and astrophysical bounds.
Inflationary magnetic fields induce curvature perturbations that form ultralight PBHs, generating a stochastic GW background with model-specific features.
Updated constraints on neutrino-sustained primordial vector modes imply magnetic fields too weak to seed observations and cannot reproduce the EB power spectrum while satisfying parity-even limits.
Maximally helical primordial U(1)_Y magnetic fields can generate both intergalactic magnetic fields and baryon asymmetry; non-helical fields may work if Higgs dynamics compensate helicity loss to ≲10^{-9-10} precision during electroweak crossover.
Conformal U(1)' seesaw models produce PBHs contributing to dark matter and helical magnetic fields at seesaw scales of 10^4-10^11 GeV, with observable GW, microlensing, and Hawking signals at LISA, Roman, and future gamma-ray telescopes.
During chiral plasma instability, excess energy from chiral asymmetry heats the plasma with δT ~ μ5²/T instead of fully building the helical magnetic field.
Primordial magnetic fields enhance low-mass halo abundance at Cosmic Dawn, advancing Lyman-alpha coupling, X-ray heating and reionization and imprinting detectable signatures on global and fluctuating 21-cm signals observable by HERA and SKA.
ALP-assisted first-order phase transitions can explain observed intergalactic magnetic fields and produce detectable gravitational waves, linking cosmology with particle physics searches.
Finite conductivity of the plasma suppresses parametric resonance amplification of electromagnetic fields from ultralight pseudoscalar dark matter, making it impossible to generate magnetic fields of sufficient strength in cosmic voids for observationally viable couplings.
Superposition of static galactic magnetic dipoles is screened by intergalactic plasma and cannot account for lower bounds on magnetic fields in cosmic voids from blazar gamma-ray data.
Sensitivity study forecasts that CTA can measure EBL absorption with high precision, detect IGMF signatures, and explore new parameter space for ALPs and LIV.
A review chapter summarizing theoretical 21-cm signatures from Cosmic Dawn and Reionization and their detectability with SKA-Low.
FRBs serve as cosmological probes via dispersion measure, scattering, and Faraday rotation to constrain baryon distribution, expansion history, magnetic fields, and fundamental physics effects.
The paper supplies an introductory lecture-style summary of observational techniques, astronomical sources, and physical processes across the four main messengers in multi-messenger astronomy.
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Inverse energy transfer in decaying MHD turbulence: A shell-to-shell analysis
Shell-to-shell transfer analysis in decaying MHD turbulence demonstrates direct non-local inverse energy transfer from the integral scale, resulting in multiplicative growth of large-scale magnetic energy, confined within helical sectors when net helicity is zero.