A layered gauging method constructs (k+1)-dimensional topological orders, including fracton models like the X-cube, from k-dimensional symmetries such as subsystem, anomalous, or noninvertible ones.
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Boundary-bulk relation for topological orders as the functor mapping higher categories to their centers
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In this paper, we study the relation between topological orders and their gapped boundaries. We propose that the bulk for a given gapped boundary theory is unique. It is actually a consequence of a microscopic definition of a local topological order, which is a (potentially anomalous) topological order defined on an open disk. Using this uniqueness, we show that the notion of "bulk" is equivalent to the notion of center in mathematics. We achieve this by first introducing the notion of a morphism between two local topological orders of the same dimension, then proving that the bulk satisfying the same universal property as that of the center in mathematics. We propose a classification (formulated as a macroscopic definition) of $n+$1D local topological orders by unitary multi-fusion $n$-categories, and explain that the notion of a morphism between two local topological orders is compatible with that of a unitary monoidal $n$-functor in a few low dimensional cases. We also explain in some low dimensional cases that this classification is compatible with the result of "bulk = center". In the end, we explain that above boundary-bulk relation is only the first layer of a hierarchical structure which can be summarized by the functoriality of the bulk (or center). This functoriality also provides the physical meanings of some well-known mathematical results on fusion 1-categories. This work can also be viewed as the first step towards a systematic study of the category of local topological orders, and the boundary-bulk relation actually provides a useful tool for this study.
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representative citing papers
Chiral tube algebras unify chiral algebras and TDLs by acting on twisted defect spaces via local and non-local currents, with modules isomorphic to twisted modules of the parent algebras.
Introduces FTH as an extension of TH/SymTFT to type-I and type-II fracton orders, demonstrating boundary switches and dualities for X-cube and Haah's code via stabilizer formalism.
Develops a Mille-feuille SymTFT construction that generates foliated and exotic dual bulk theories realizing gapless boundary models with spontaneous continuous subsystem symmetry breaking, including duals of the XY plaquette and XYZ cube models.
Statistics of G-conserved invertible mixed-dimensional excitations in d-space are classified by H^{d+2}(BG; R/Z) and realized as boundary excitations of an ω-twisted higher-group gauge theory.
Non-invertible symmetry-breaking phases are characterized by long-range order parameters obeying generalized algebra, with certain transitions dual to beyond-Landau points of invertible symmetries under precise conditions established via generalized gauging.
For dual massive RG flows, the gapped-phase module is spanned by smeared Ishibashi states and cannot be reduced to the boundary-critical Cardy-state module, even in the simplest tricritical-Ising to Ising flow.
The XY-plaquette model is claimed to possess a continuous SO(2) non-invertible duality symmetry at arbitrary coupling, realized by open condensation defects in its symmetry TFT.
Generalized quantum dimensions from SymTFTs classify massless and massive RG flows in pseudo-Hermitian systems and relate coset constructions to domain walls.
Inserting a symmetry defect along the orientation-reversing cycle on a Klein bottle in a 2D Z2 SPT phase induces an extra ground state charge that persists at the transition to the trivial phase, causing exact two-fold degeneracy independent of system size.
The symmetry category of a 2D QFT with G-symmetry and anomaly k equals the twisted Hilbert space category Hilb^k(G), whose Drinfeld center is the twisted representation category of the conjugation groupoid C*-algebra, enabling braiding computations in the 3D SymTFT.
Candidate modular invariants and gaugings for continuous G-symmetries with anomaly k are obtained from +1 eigenspaces of semiclassical modular kernels in a BF+kCS SymTFT model.
A quantum mechanical framework is given for Hilbert and defect spaces of line operators in BF+kCS TQFT, with line operator action realized by convolution kernels and matches to Verlinde and semiclassical Hopf-link data.
An algebraic RG formalism for topological orders uses ideals in fusion rings to encode noninvertible symmetries and condensation rules between anyons.
Lecture notes explain non-invertible generalized symmetries in QFTs as topological defects arising from stacking with TQFTs and gauging diagonal symmetries, plus their action on charges and the SymTFT framework.
citing papers explorer
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Constructing Bulk Topological Orders via Layered Gauging
A layered gauging method constructs (k+1)-dimensional topological orders, including fracton models like the X-cube, from k-dimensional symmetries such as subsystem, anomalous, or noninvertible ones.
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Chiral Tube Algebras I: Topological Defect Lines, Twisted Modules, and Finite Gauging
Chiral tube algebras unify chiral algebras and TDLs by acting on twisted defect spaces via local and non-local currents, with modules isomorphic to twisted modules of the parent algebras.
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Fracton Topological Holography
Introduces FTH as an extension of TH/SymTFT to type-I and type-II fracton orders, demonstrating boundary switches and dualities for X-cube and Haah's code via stabilizer formalism.
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SymTFT construction of gapless exotic-foliated dual models
Develops a Mille-feuille SymTFT construction that generates foliated and exotic dual bulk theories realizing gapless boundary models with spontaneous continuous subsystem symmetry breaking, including duals of the XY plaquette and XYZ cube models.
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Holographic Theory of Mixed-Dimensional Statistics and Conservation-Encoding Hopping-Operator Algebras
Statistics of G-conserved invertible mixed-dimensional excitations in d-space are classified by H^{d+2}(BG; R/Z) and realized as boundary excitations of an ω-twisted higher-group gauge theory.
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Spontaneous breaking of non-invertible symmetries and duality to beyond-Landau transitions
Non-invertible symmetry-breaking phases are characterized by long-range order parameters obeying generalized algebra, with certain transitions dual to beyond-Landau points of invertible symmetries under precise conditions established via generalized gauging.
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Characterizing gapped phases by smeared boundary conformal field theories: Duality in unusual ordering with spontaneously broken generalized symmetries
For dual massive RG flows, the gapped-phase module is spanned by smeared Ishibashi states and cannot be reduced to the boundary-critical Cardy-state module, even in the simplest tricritical-Ising to Ising flow.
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The Line, the Strip and the Duality Defect
The XY-plaquette model is claimed to possess a continuous SO(2) non-invertible duality symmetry at arbitrary coupling, realized by open condensation defects in its symmetry TFT.
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Generalizing quantum dimensions: Symmetry-based classification of local pseudo-Hermitian systems and the corresponding domain walls
Generalized quantum dimensions from SymTFTs classify massless and massive RG flows in pseudo-Hermitian systems and relate coset constructions to domain walls.
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Transition between 2D Symmetry Protected Topological Phases on a Klein Bottle
Inserting a symmetry defect along the orientation-reversing cycle on a Klein bottle in a 2D Z2 SPT phase induces an extra ground state charge that persists at the transition to the trivial phase, causing exact two-fold degeneracy independent of system size.
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Categorical Symmetries via Operator Algebras
The symmetry category of a 2D QFT with G-symmetry and anomaly k equals the twisted Hilbert space category Hilb^k(G), whose Drinfeld center is the twisted representation category of the conjugation groupoid C*-algebra, enabling braiding computations in the 3D SymTFT.
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Candidate Gaugings of Categorical Continuous Symmetry
Candidate modular invariants and gaugings for continuous G-symmetries with anomaly k are obtained from +1 eigenspaces of semiclassical modular kernels in a BF+kCS SymTFT model.
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Hilbert Space and Defect Hilbert Spaces Associated with Categorical Symmetries
A quantum mechanical framework is given for Hilbert and defect spaces of line operators in BF+kCS TQFT, with line operator action realized by convolution kernels and matches to Verlinde and semiclassical Hopf-link data.
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Homomorphism, substructure, and ideal: Elementary but rigorous aspects of renormalization group or hierarchical structure of topological orders
An algebraic RG formalism for topological orders uses ideals in fusion rings to encode noninvertible symmetries and condensation rules between anyons.
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ICTP Lectures on (Non-)Invertible Generalized Symmetries
Lecture notes explain non-invertible generalized symmetries in QFTs as topological defects arising from stacking with TQFTs and gauging diagonal symmetries, plus their action on charges and the SymTFT framework.