A layered gauging method constructs (k+1)-dimensional topological orders, including fracton models like the X-cube, from k-dimensional symmetries such as subsystem, anomalous, or noninvertible ones.
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Boundary-bulk relation for topological orders as the functor mapping higher categories to their centers
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In this paper, we study the relation between topological orders and their gapped boundaries. We propose that the bulk for a given gapped boundary theory is unique. It is actually a consequence of a microscopic definition of a local topological order, which is a (potentially anomalous) topological order defined on an open disk. Using this uniqueness, we show that the notion of "bulk" is equivalent to the notion of center in mathematics. We achieve this by first introducing the notion of a morphism between two local topological orders of the same dimension, then proving that the bulk satisfying the same universal property as that of the center in mathematics. We propose a classification (formulated as a macroscopic definition) of $n+$1D local topological orders by unitary multi-fusion $n$-categories, and explain that the notion of a morphism between two local topological orders is compatible with that of a unitary monoidal $n$-functor in a few low dimensional cases. We also explain in some low dimensional cases that this classification is compatible with the result of "bulk = center". In the end, we explain that above boundary-bulk relation is only the first layer of a hierarchical structure which can be summarized by the functoriality of the bulk (or center). This functoriality also provides the physical meanings of some well-known mathematical results on fusion 1-categories. This work can also be viewed as the first step towards a systematic study of the category of local topological orders, and the boundary-bulk relation actually provides a useful tool for this study.
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representative citing papers
Condensation defects in SymTFT descriptions of XY-plaquette and XYZ-cube models realize non-invertible self-duality symmetries at any coupling, with a continuous SO(2) version in the XY-plaquette.
Develops a Mille-feuille SymTFT construction that generates foliated and exotic dual bulk theories realizing gapless boundary models with spontaneous continuous subsystem symmetry breaking, including duals of the XY plaquette and XYZ cube models.
Gapped phases dual to massless RG flows in 2D CFTs exhibit unusual ordering via spontaneous breaking of non-group-like symmetries and are characterized using smeared boundary CFTs applied to smeared Ishibashi states.
Generalized quantum dimensions from SymTFTs classify massless and massive RG flows in pseudo-Hermitian systems and relate coset constructions to domain walls.
Inserting a symmetry defect along the orientation-reversing cycle on a Klein bottle in a 2D Z2 SPT phase induces an extra ground state charge that persists at the transition to the trivial phase, causing exact two-fold degeneracy independent of system size.
The symmetry category of a 2D QFT with G-symmetry and anomaly k equals the twisted Hilbert space category Hilb^k(G), whose Drinfeld center is the twisted representation category of the conjugation groupoid C*-algebra, enabling braiding computations in the 3D SymTFT.
Candidate modular invariants and gaugings for continuous G-symmetries with anomaly k are obtained from +1 eigenspaces of semiclassical modular kernels in a BF+kCS SymTFT model.
An algebraic RG formalism for topological orders uses ideals in fusion rings to encode noninvertible symmetries and condensation rules between anyons.
Lecture notes explain non-invertible generalized symmetries in QFTs as topological defects arising from stacking with TQFTs and gauging diagonal symmetries, plus their action on charges and the SymTFT framework.
citing papers explorer
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Constructing Bulk Topological Orders via Layered Gauging
A layered gauging method constructs (k+1)-dimensional topological orders, including fracton models like the X-cube, from k-dimensional symmetries such as subsystem, anomalous, or noninvertible ones.
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The Line, the Strip and the Duality Defect
Condensation defects in SymTFT descriptions of XY-plaquette and XYZ-cube models realize non-invertible self-duality symmetries at any coupling, with a continuous SO(2) version in the XY-plaquette.
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SymTFT construction of gapless exotic-foliated dual models
Develops a Mille-feuille SymTFT construction that generates foliated and exotic dual bulk theories realizing gapless boundary models with spontaneous continuous subsystem symmetry breaking, including duals of the XY plaquette and XYZ cube models.
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Characterizing bulk properties of gapped phases by smeared boundary conformal field theories: Role of duality in unusual ordering
Gapped phases dual to massless RG flows in 2D CFTs exhibit unusual ordering via spontaneous breaking of non-group-like symmetries and are characterized using smeared boundary CFTs applied to smeared Ishibashi states.
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Generalizing quantum dimensions: Symmetry-based classification of local pseudo-Hermitian systems and the corresponding domain walls
Generalized quantum dimensions from SymTFTs classify massless and massive RG flows in pseudo-Hermitian systems and relate coset constructions to domain walls.
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Transition between 2D Symmetry Protected Topological Phases on a Klein Bottle
Inserting a symmetry defect along the orientation-reversing cycle on a Klein bottle in a 2D Z2 SPT phase induces an extra ground state charge that persists at the transition to the trivial phase, causing exact two-fold degeneracy independent of system size.
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Categorical Symmetries via Operator Algebras
The symmetry category of a 2D QFT with G-symmetry and anomaly k equals the twisted Hilbert space category Hilb^k(G), whose Drinfeld center is the twisted representation category of the conjugation groupoid C*-algebra, enabling braiding computations in the 3D SymTFT.
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Candidate Gaugings of Categorical Continuous Symmetry
Candidate modular invariants and gaugings for continuous G-symmetries with anomaly k are obtained from +1 eigenspaces of semiclassical modular kernels in a BF+kCS SymTFT model.
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Homomorphism, substructure, and ideal: Elementary but rigorous aspects of renormalization group or hierarchical structure of topological orders
An algebraic RG formalism for topological orders uses ideals in fusion rings to encode noninvertible symmetries and condensation rules between anyons.
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ICTP Lectures on (Non-)Invertible Generalized Symmetries
Lecture notes explain non-invertible generalized symmetries in QFTs as topological defects arising from stacking with TQFTs and gauging diagonal symmetries, plus their action on charges and the SymTFT framework.