A trapped-ion quantum computer simulates 2+1D Z2 lattice gauge theory dynamics, revealing glueball excitations and multi-order string breaking.
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Truncation uncertainties for accurate quantum simulations of lattice gauge theories
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abstract
The encoding of lattice gauge theories onto quantum computers requires a discretization of the gauge field's Hilbert space on each link, which presents errors with respect to the Kogut--Susskind limit. In the electric basis, Hilbert space fragmentation has recently been shown to limit the excitation of large electric fields. Here, we leverage this to develop a formalism for estimating the size of truncation errors in the electric basis. Generically, the truncation error falls off as a factorial of the field truncation. Examples of this formalism are applied to the Schwinger model and a pure U(1) lattice gauge theory. For reasonable choices of parameters, we improve on previous error estimates by a factor of 10^{306}.
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Quantum simulation on trapped ions shows that a plaquette term in a 2+1D U(1) gauge theory enables string propagation in the plane and extended matter creation, realizing genuine two-dimensional dynamics.
Introduces the semi-simple cubic (ssc) lattice for 3D SU(2) gauge theory with staggered fermions, reducing qubit count and streamlining Gauss's law for quantum hardware.
Digital quantum simulations of string dynamics in a (2+1)D U(1) quantum link model on IBM hardware with up to 112 qubits agree with tensor networks at short times and thermal averages at long times.
Deforms SU(2)_k Yang-Mills theory via quantum groups to enable finite d-dimensional gauge links, restores unitarity with gauge-variant completions, and reports O(d^5) upper bounds on generalized-controlled-X gates plus equivalent Hilbert space scaling with factor 0.2563(5).
A multi-part truncation for lattice QCD with fermions enables explicit Hamiltonians in 1+1D and 2+1D and string-breaking simulations by capping basis states, electric energy, fermions per site, and using large-Nc matrix element scaling.
New analytic and Monte Carlo-assisted method tightens energy-based boson truncation bounds, reducing volume dependence in (1+1)D scalar and (2+1)D U(1) gauge theories.
The talk summarizes the quantum simulation program for lattice gauge theories, covering target problems in dense matter, algorithmic strategies, recent progress, and remaining challenges.
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Observation of glueball excitations and string breaking in a $2+1$D $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory on a trapped-ion quantum computer
A trapped-ion quantum computer simulates 2+1D Z2 lattice gauge theory dynamics, revealing glueball excitations and multi-order string breaking.
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Observation of genuine $2+1$D string dynamics in a U$(1)$ lattice gauge theory with a tunable plaquette term on a trapped-ion quantum computer
Quantum simulation on trapped ions shows that a plaquette term in a 2+1D U(1) gauge theory enables string propagation in the plane and extended matter creation, realizing genuine two-dimensional dynamics.
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SU(2) gauge theory with fermions on a semi-simple cubic lattice
Introduces the semi-simple cubic (ssc) lattice for 3D SU(2) gauge theory with staggered fermions, reducing qubit count and streamlining Gauss's law for quantum hardware.
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String dynamics of a (2+1)D U(1) quantum link model on a digital quantum computer
Digital quantum simulations of string dynamics in a (2+1)D U(1) quantum link model on IBM hardware with up to 112 qubits agree with tensor networks at short times and thermal averages at long times.
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Deforming the Trail: Baseline Quantum Circuitry for $\text{SU(2)}_k$ Lattice Gauge Theory
Deforms SU(2)_k Yang-Mills theory via quantum groups to enable finite d-dimensional gauge links, restores unitarity with gauge-variant completions, and reports O(d^5) upper bounds on generalized-controlled-X gates plus equivalent Hilbert space scaling with factor 0.2563(5).
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Large Nc Truncations for SU(Nc) Lattice Yang-Mills Theory with Fermions
A multi-part truncation for lattice QCD with fermions enables explicit Hamiltonians in 1+1D and 2+1D and string-breaking simulations by capping basis states, electric energy, fermions per site, and using large-Nc matrix element scaling.
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Tightening energy-based boson truncation bound using Monte Carlo-assisted methods
New analytic and Monte Carlo-assisted method tightens energy-based boson truncation bounds, reducing volume dependence in (1+1)D scalar and (2+1)D U(1) gauge theories.
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Quantum Simulation of Gauge Theories for Particle and Nuclear Physics
The talk summarizes the quantum simulation program for lattice gauge theories, covering target problems in dense matter, algorithmic strategies, recent progress, and remaining challenges.