The Targeted Detectability Range (TDR) incorporates sky localization, inclination constraints, and mass bounds from external messengers to evaluate gravitational-wave detectability for gamma-ray bursts observed during LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA's first three runs.
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The Physics of Gamma-Ray Bursts and Relativistic Jets
20 Pith papers cite this work, alongside 891 external citations. Polarity classification is still indexing.
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abstract
We provide a comprehensive review of major developments in our understanding of gamma-ray bursts, with particular focus on the discoveries made within the last fifteen years when their true nature was uncovered. We describe the observational properties of photons from the radio to multi-GeV bands, both in the prompt emission and the afterglow phases. Mechanisms for the generation of these photons in GRBs are discussed and confronted with observations to shed light on the physical properties of these explosions, their progenitor stars and the surrounding medium. After presenting observational evidence that a powerful, collimated, jet moving at close to the speed of light is produced in these explosions, we describe our current understanding regarding the generation, acceleration, and dissipation of the jet and compare these properties with jets associated with AGNs and pulsars. We discuss mounting observational evidence that long duration GRBs are produced when massive stars die, and that at least some short duration bursts are associated with old, roughly solar mass, compact stars. The question of whether a black-hole or a strongly magnetized, rapidly rotating neutron star is produced in these explosions is also discussed. We provide a brief summary of what we have learned about relativistic collisionless shocks and particle acceleration from GRB afterglow studies, and discuss the current understanding of radiation mechanism during the prompt emission phase. We discuss theoretical predictions of possible high-energy neutrino emission from GRBs and the current observational constraints. Finally, we discuss how these explosions may be used to study cosmology, e.g. star formation, metal enrichment, reionization history, as well as the formation of first stars and galaxies in the universe.
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Structured GRB jet simulations find that local electron cooling shifts the synchrotron cooling break up by over a factor of ten, smooths the transition, produces steeper post-break slopes initially, and originates from a narrow frequency-dependent region behind the shock front.
Anisotropic low-energy electron pitch angles reduce synchrotron polarization degrees in gamma-ray and X-ray bands of GRB prompt emission compared to isotropic cases, with optical band behavior depending on the slope m, offering a possible match to some observations.
Steady GRMHD jets exhibit a universal near-horizon polarization pattern set only by black hole spin, with large-radius polarization angle following a collimation-determined power law and intermediate scales modified by plasma loading.
CNN emulator for decaying magnetic field fast-cooling synchrotron spectra is trained on synthetic data and used in Bayesian fits to GRB 231020A, favoring the decaying-field model over the standard version.
A ring-shaped wobbling jet explains the shallow late-time afterglow decay of GW170817 better than a collimated jet at 4.8 sigma significance, implying a ~27 degree wobble angle.
SPH simulations of repeated partial disruptions in 16 WD-BH/NS systems predict three categories of periodically modulated X-ray/GRB transients whose durations and peak rates depend on mass ratio and compactness.
Pair production via radiative magnetic reconnection near spinning black holes supplies non-uniform plasma to jets at levels sufficient to explain M87 radio emission.
A second coherent radio burst spanning 704-4032 MHz with spectral index -2.18, 54% linear and 22% circular polarization, and an orthogonal polarization angle jump was detected from 2XMM J104608.7-594306, showing rare radio activity in sources thought to be radio-quiet.
MHD-PIC simulations find that the non-thermal particle spectral index alpha steepens as alpha proportional to beta to the power 0.5 in the relativistic regime, due to inertial mass density acting as an energy sink that reduces Alfven velocity.
Optically thin inverse Compton scattering in GRB fireballs yields a positive E_peak-α correlation with alpha evolving from >+0.5 to <-0.67, proposed as a diagnostic signature for the prompt emission mechanism.
GRB 061201 originates from a host at z~1.2 rather than the previously claimed z=0.111, supported by photometric redshift, afterglow AIC modeling, energy relation consistency, and reduced merger rate implications.
MLP and Attention U-Net outperform other models in reconstructing GRB light curves on 521 events, cutting plateau parameter uncertainties by 37-41% versus the Willingale baseline while achieving low MSE.
Decaying magnetic fields in fast-cooling synchrotron emission partially harden the low-energy index but still produce a distribution centered near α ≈ −1.5, falling short of reproducing the observed GBM catalog at the population level.
New early multi-wavelength data on GRB 230328B shows afterglow with early bump and late achromatic rebrightening at ~4000 s, modeled via MCMC as forward shock plus late energy injection in a dusty S0 host with AV~0.8 and no supernova signature.
Late-time radio rebrightening in SN 2012ap is consistent with either progenitor mass-loss variation producing a density enhancement or an off-axis energetic jet viewed at large angle, potentially reclassifying it as GRB-like rather than weakly engine-driven.
Simulations of the BSD instrument for POLAR-2 show it can localize faint GRBs like GRB 170817A to about 1.5 degrees accuracy, meeting requirements for supporting GRB polarimetry.
Case study of four GRBs finds afterglow light curves shaped by ambient density, not prompt fireball composition, with cascade pairs affecting only long GRB early optical emission.
A review of early optical GRB features including prompt emission, reverse shocks, and afterglow onset, highlighting robotic telescopes' role in constraining jet Lorentz factors and magnetization.
GRB 250424A afterglow shows simultaneous shallow decay in X-ray and optical bands modeled as continuous energy injection (q≈0.34) into a forward shock in constant-density medium, with E_K,iso ≈5.5×10^52 erg and no clear supernova component.
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Revealing the high redshift host galaxy of the short GRB 061201 with JWST
GRB 061201 originates from a host at z~1.2 rather than the previously claimed z=0.111, supported by photometric redshift, afterglow AIC modeling, energy relation consistency, and reduced merger rate implications.