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The recent gravitational wave observation by pulsar timing arrays and primordial black holes: the importance of non-gaussianities
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We study whether the signal seen by pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) may originate from gravitational waves (GWs) induced by large primordial perturbations. Such perturbations may be accompanied by a sizeable primordial black hole (PBH) abundance. We improve existing analyses and show that PBH overproduction disfavors Gaussian scenarios for scalar-induced GWs at 2{\sigma} and single-field inflationary scenarios, accounting for non-Gaussianity, at 3{\sigma} as the explanation of the most constraining NANOGrav 15-year data. This tension can be relaxed in models where non-Gaussianites suppress the PBH abundance. On the flip side, the PTA data does not constrain the abundance of PBHs.
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Cited by 24 Pith papers
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The statistics of curvature-profile dispersion in primordial black hole formation
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Twisted echoes of an odd quartet: Scalar-induced gravitational waves as a probe of primordial parity-violation
A parity-odd primordial trispectrum imprints measurable left-right asymmetry in scalar-induced gravitational waves, and the chirality ratio directly tracks the parity-odd to parity-even trispectrum amplitude ratio.
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From new physics to a running power law and back again: Minimal refitting techniques for the reconstruction of the gravitational-wave background signal in pulsar timing array data
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Reconstructing Primordial Curvature Perturbations via Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves with LISA
LISA can reconstruct the primordial curvature power spectrum from scalar-induced gravitational waves, with percent-level precision near the peak and Bayesian tests separating SIGWs from other sources.
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Probing Primordial Black Hole Mergers in Clusters with Pulsar Timing Data
Bayesian analysis of IPTA DR2 shows scalar-induced gravitational waves dominate and PBH merger backgrounds are strongly disfavored relative to an astrophysical SMBHB explanation.
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Constraining inflation with nonminimal derivative coupling with the Parkes Pulsar Timing Array third data release
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How Well Do We Know the Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves?
Non-Gaussian curvature perturbations, related to Gaussian ones by a logarithmic mapping, can make the scalar-induced gravitational wave background much larger or smaller than the standard quadratic calculation predicts.
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A consistency relation for induced gravitational wave anisotropies
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Scalar-induced gravitational waves from a box-shaped curvature power spectrum
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Constraining primordial non-Gaussianity and parity-violation through Scalar-Induced Gravitational Waves with next-generation ground-based interferometers
ET+CE forecast: injected SIGW parameters (A_p, f_peak, f_NL, tau_NL, parity-odd tau_tilde_NL) are recovered within 1-2 sigma despite an astrophysical foreground, but the chiral V-mode is sub-threshold (SNR 0.5-1.9).
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Einstein--Gauss--Bonnet Inflationary Cosmology in Phase-$\theta$ Formalism
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Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves
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Implications for Pulsar Timing Arrays of Sub-solar Black Hole Detections: From LVK to Einstein Telescope and Cosmic Explorer
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The power of SKA to Constrain cosmological gravitational-wave backgrounds below the astrophysical foreground noise
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Can tensor-scalar induced GWs dominate PTA observations ?
A Bayesian fit to NANOGrav 15-year data finds that tensor-scalar induced gravitational waves plus primordial tensor waves can fit the PTA background, with amplitudes constrained by CMB, BAO, and PBH limits.
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Primordial Black Hole Formation from the Upward Step Model: Avoiding Overproduction
In upward-step inflation, a non-Gaussian cutoff in curvature perturbations sharply suppresses type-I primordial black hole abundance for h above about 5.9, easing PTA overproduction constraints.
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Is the formation of primordial black holes from single-field inflation compatible with standard cosmology?
Producing primordial black holes in single-field inflation typically forces more than about 55 e-folds after CMB-mode exit, conflicting with standard reheating unless the model is retuned or reheating is exotic.
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NANOGrav 15-year gravitational-wave signals from binary supermassive black-holes seeded by primordial black holes, and implications for the origins of Little Red Dots
A PBH abundance of 10^-14–10^-12 of CDM, with seed masses 1–10^3 M_sun, is fitted to the NANOGrav 15-year background via SMBH mergers, consistent with 21-cm limits.
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Tensor induced gravitational waves
Second-order tensor-induced gravitational waves can shift the inferred parameters of small-scale primordial gravitational wave models fitted to NANOGrav 15-year data, with one model favored by Bayes factors.
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New bounds on Memory Burdened Primordial Black Holes from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis
Memory-burdened primordial black holes lighter than 10^9 grams are newly constrained by Big Bang nucleosynthesis, with a residual unconstrained window around 1-100 grams for suppression index k=2.
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Cosmological constraints on small-scale primordial non-Gaussianity
Current pulsar-timing, CMB, BAO and PBH data constrain the small-scale local f_NL to -10.0 < f_NL < 1.2 for a monochromatic primordial power spectrum, with that constraint conditional on the spectral amplitude A_zeta = 10^-2.
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Pre-Big-Bang Cosmology Cannot Explain NANOGrav 15-year Signal
Pre-Big Bang string cosmology cannot explain the NANOGrav 15-year signal; a power-law spectrum is preferred by a Bayes factor of about 468.
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