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On the non-perturbative bulk Hilbert space of JT gravity
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On the non-perturbative bulk Hilbert space of JT gravity
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What is the bulk Hilbert space of quantum gravity? In this paper, we resolve this problem in 2d JT gravity, both with and without matter, providing an explicit definition of a non-perturbative Hilbert space specified in terms of metric variables. The states are wavefunctions of the length and matter state, but with a non-trivial and highly degenerate inner product. We explicitly identify the null states, and discuss their importance for defining operators non-perturbatively. To highlight the power of the formalism we developed, we study the non-perturbative effects for two bulk linear operators that may serve as proxies for the experience of an observer falling into a two-sided black hole: one captures the length of an Einstein-Rosen bridge and the other captures the center-of-mass collision energy between two particles falling from opposite sides. We track the behavior of these operators up to times of order $e^{S_\text{BH}}$, at which point the wavefunction spreads to the complete set of eigenstates of these operators. If these observables are indeed good proxies for the experience of an infalling observer, our results indicate an O(1) probability of detecting a firewall at late times that is self-averaging and universal.
Forward citations
Cited by 13 Pith papers
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Quantum JT Gravity in a box as a P\"oschl-Teller Scattering Problem
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Smooth horizons from topology change in canonical quantum gravity
Topology change in canonical JT gravity resolves the firewall paradox by making the connected two-interior branch dominate after Page time, with gravitational constraints annihilating the firewall branch and identifyi...
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Open-Channel Operator Closure of the Finite-Cutoff JT Gravity Disk Amplitude
The finite-cutoff JT gravity disk amplitude is reproduced via open-channel operators as a boundary-state matrix element, with the geodesic sector shown to be bandlimited and the branch-difference amplitude not equival...
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Probing Evaporating Black Holes with Modular Flow in SYK
Modular flow in SYK models coupled to a bath reveals singularities allowing reconstruction of bulk flow past the horizon in two-sided AdS2 black holes.
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Living on the edge: a non-perturbative resolution to the negativity of bulk entropies
Summing non-perturbative contributions in the gravitational path integral, extended via matrix integral saddles including one- and two-eigenvalue instantons, resolves negativity of bulk entropies in two-sided black holes.
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Universal Time Evolution of Holographic and Quantum Complexity
Holographic complexity measures show universal linear growth followed by late-time saturation, proven necessary and sufficient via pole structures in the energy basis using the residue theorem, arising from random mat...
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Falling through the horizon of a quantum black hole
Gravitational dressing in JT gravity lets an infalling Unruh-DeWitt detector detect the horizon location and temperature locally, violating the equivalence principle without a firewall.
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Evaporating Black Hole Interior and Complexity Evolution
In a JT gravity model with an EoW brane, black hole interior complexity grows linearly until the Page time then decays exponentially, with fluctuations growing large afterward and signaling loss of self-averaging.
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Inner Horizon Saddles and a Spectral KSW Criterion
Inner horizon saddles supply the semiclassical correction -exp(A_inner/4G) to near-extremal black-hole entropy and motivate a spectral KSW criterion for well-defined one-loop effects around complex gravitational saddles.
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Baby Universe in a Coupled SYK Model
A saddle point in the coupled SYK model yields a bulk geometry with a baby universe whose chord-diagram Hilbert space state is entangled with the exterior, giving evidence that closed universes can carry nontrivial qu...
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Toward Krylov-based holography in double-scaled SYK
Establishes a threefold duality linking Krylov complexity growth rate to wormhole velocity and proper momentum in DSSYK holography, with higher moments capturing replica wormholes and Krylov entropy equaling parent-ge...
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