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ViMo: A Generative Visual GUI World Model for App Agents

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arxiv 2504.13936 v2 pith:PKD6Q5MF submitted 2025-04-15 cs.HC cs.LGcs.SYeess.SY

ViMo: A Generative Visual GUI World Model for App Agents

classification cs.HC cs.LGcs.SYeess.SY
keywords textvimoworldagentsgeneratingguisvisualactions
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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App agents, which autonomously operate mobile Apps through Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs), have gained significant interest in real-world applications. Yet, they often struggle with long-horizon planning, failing to find the optimal actions for complex tasks with longer steps. To address this, world models are used to predict the next GUI observation based on user actions, enabling more effective agent planning. However, existing world models primarily focus on generating only textual descriptions, lacking essential visual details. To fill this gap, we propose ViMo, the first visual world model designed to generate future App observations as images. For the challenge of generating text in image patches, where even minor pixel errors can distort readability, we decompose GUI generation into graphic and text content generation. We propose a novel data representation, the Symbolic Text Representation~(STR) to overlay text content with symbolic placeholders while preserving graphics. With this design, ViMo employs a STR Predictor to predict future GUIs' graphics and a GUI-text Predictor for generating the corresponding text. Moreover, we deploy ViMo to enhance agent-focused tasks by predicting the outcome of different action options. Experiments show ViMo's ability to generate visually plausible and functionally effective GUIs that enable App agents to make more informed decisions.

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Cited by 13 Pith papers

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