Weyl double copy in Lifshitz spacetimes
Pith reviewed 2026-05-18 01:21 UTC · model grok-4.3
The pith
A regularization prescription restores consistency between the Kerr-Schild and Weyl double copies for Lifshitz black holes.
A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.
Core claim
The paper establishes that the regularization prescription remains valid for three Lifshitz black hole solutions, each carrying a different novel feature, and that this step restores consistency between the Kerr-Schild double copy and the Weyl double copy in all three examples.
What carries the argument
The regularization prescription applied to the Weyl double copy, which adjusts the computation so that the resulting gauge-theory data matches the Kerr-Schild data for these spacetimes.
If this is right
- The prescription succeeds for solutions that differ in their asymptotic or horizon properties.
- No change to the basic double-copy map itself is required once the regularization is included.
- The same adjustment can be carried over to other gravitational solutions that previously resisted a clean Weyl double copy.
- Consistency between the two copies now holds across a wider class of non-asymptotically flat backgrounds.
Where Pith is reading between the lines
- If the prescription proves general, it could be applied next to other non-standard black-hole families that show similar mismatches.
- The result suggests a practical route for extending double-copy techniques into holographic models that use Lifshitz geometries.
- An analytic demonstration that the regularization always works, rather than case-by-case checks, would strengthen the claim.
Load-bearing premise
That three specific Lifshitz black hole solutions chosen from the literature are representative enough to indicate the prescription works in general.
What would settle it
Discovery of one Lifshitz black hole solution where the same regularization step still leaves the Kerr-Schild and Weyl double copies inconsistent.
read the original abstract
Lifshitz black hole solutions pose particular challenges for reconciling the two main formulations of the classical double copy: the Kerr-Schild double copy and the Weyl double copy. Recent work has suggested that consistency between the two can be restored, in certain cases, only by adopting a regularization prescription in the Weyl double copy. In this paper, we test this prescription on three examples from the literature, each with a distinct novel feature, and show that the prescription remains valid in all cases.
Editorial analysis
A structured set of objections, weighed in public.
Referee Report
Summary. The manuscript tests a regularization prescription intended to restore consistency between the Kerr-Schild and Weyl formulations of the classical double copy when applied to Lifshitz black hole solutions. The authors examine three specific solutions drawn from the existing literature, each selected for a distinct novel feature, and report that the prescription succeeds in all three cases.
Significance. If the reported agreement holds under scrutiny, the work supplies concrete evidence that the regularization approach extends the reach of double-copy techniques into non-asymptotically flat geometries relevant to holographic condensed-matter models. The study is framed as an incremental consistency check rather than a general derivation, so its primary value lies in broadening the domain of existing prescriptions while avoiding new free parameters or ad-hoc constructions.
minor comments (3)
- The abstract states that the prescription 'remains valid in all cases' but does not define the quantitative criterion (exact matching, agreement up to a given order, or vanishing of a specific discrepancy) used to reach this conclusion.
- A brief table or explicit comparison of the regularized Weyl tensor components against the Kerr-Schild copy for at least one of the three examples would make the agreement easier to verify without requiring the reader to reconstruct the full calculation.
- The introduction would benefit from a short paragraph clarifying why the three chosen Lifshitz solutions are representative of the broader class rather than merely convenient examples already present in the literature.
Simulated Author's Rebuttal
We thank the referee for their positive and constructive report, which accurately summarizes our work as a consistency check of the regularization prescription for the Weyl double copy in Lifshitz black hole backgrounds. We appreciate the recognition that the study extends double-copy techniques to non-asymptotically flat geometries without introducing new parameters.
Circularity Check
No significant circularity
full rationale
The paper conducts an empirical consistency check by applying a regularization prescription (sourced from recent external work) to three specific Lifshitz black hole solutions drawn from the existing literature. The central result—that the prescription restores agreement between Kerr-Schild and Weyl double copies in all tested cases—is a verification against independent prior examples rather than a derivation that reduces to the paper's own fitted inputs, self-citations, or ansatz. No load-bearing step equates a prediction to a parameter defined inside the work; the analysis remains self-contained against external benchmarks.
Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger
axioms (1)
- domain assumption The Kerr-Schild and Weyl double-copy formulations are expected to agree for physically reasonable spacetimes once a suitable regularization is applied.
Lean theorems connected to this paper
-
IndisputableMonolith/Cost/FunctionalEquation.leanwashburn_uniqueness_aczel unclear?
unclearRelation between the paper passage and the cited Recognition theorem.
the regularization procedure of [31] ... Use an arbitrary exponent n instead of the critical value n* ... scale the coefficient as a_n* → a_n*/(n-n*)
What do these tags mean?
- matches
- The paper's claim is directly supported by a theorem in the formal canon.
- supports
- The theorem supports part of the paper's argument, but the paper may add assumptions or extra steps.
- extends
- The paper goes beyond the formal theorem; the theorem is a base layer rather than the whole result.
- uses
- The paper appears to rely on the theorem as machinery.
- contradicts
- The paper's claim conflicts with a theorem or certificate in the canon.
- unclear
- Pith found a possible connection, but the passage is too broad, indirect, or ambiguous to say the theorem truly supports the claim.
Forward citations
Cited by 2 Pith papers
-
The Smarr Formula is Gauss's Law: A Kerr-Schild Single-Copy Perspective
The Smarr formula is structurally identical to the single-copy Gauss's law for Kerr-Schild black holes, with the AdS pressure-volume term arising from gauge background subtraction.
-
Minisuperspace Double Copy in Lifshitz Spacetimes
A radial operator extracted from the reduced gravitational dynamics in Lifshitz spacetimes directly reproduces the Maxwell operator for the temporal single-copy field without using equations of motion.
Reference graph
Works this paper leans on
-
[1]
The Large N Limit of Superconformal Field Theories and Supergravity
J. M. Maldacena, “The Large N limit of superconformal field theories and supergravity,”Adv. Theor. Math. Phys.2(1998) 231–252,arXiv:hep-th/9711200
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1998
-
[2]
Anti De Sitter Space And Holography
E. Witten, “Anti-de Sitter space and holography,”Adv. Theor. Math. Phys.2(1998) 253–291, arXiv:hep-th/9802150
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1998
-
[3]
Gauge Theory Correlators from Non-Critical String Theory
S. S. Gubser, I. R. Klebanov, and A. M. Polyakov, “Gauge theory correlators from noncritical string theory,”Phys. Lett. B428(1998) 105–114,arXiv:hep-th/9802109
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1998
-
[4]
A relation between tree amplitudes of closed and open strings,
H. Kawai, D. C. Lewellen, and S. H. H. Tye, “A relation between tree amplitudes of closed and open strings,”Nucl. Phys. B269(1986) 1–23
work page 1986
-
[5]
New Relations for Gauge-Theory Amplitudes
Z. Bern, J. J. M. Carrasco, and H. Johansson, “New relations for gauge-theory amplitudes,” Phys. Rev. D78(2008) 085011,arXiv:0805.3993 [hep-ph]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2008
-
[6]
Gravity as the Square of Gauge Theory
Z. Bern, T. Dennen, Y .-t. Huang, and M. Kiermaier, “Gravity as the square of gauge theory,” Phys. Rev. D82(2010) 065003,arXiv:1004.0693 [hep-th]. 16
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2010
-
[7]
Perturbative Quantum Gravity as a Double Copy of Gauge Theory
Z. Bern, J. J. M. Carrasco, and H. Johansson, “Perturbative quantum gravity as a double copy of gauge theory,”Phys. Rev. Lett.105(2010) 061602,arXiv:1004.0476 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2010
-
[8]
The Complete Four-Loop Four-Point Amplitude in N=4 Super-Yang-Mills Theory
Z. Bern, J. J. M. Carrasco, L. J. Dixon, H. Johansson, and R. Roiban, “The Complete Four-Loop Four-Point Amplitude in N=4 Super-Yang-Mills Theory,”Phys. Rev. D82(2010) 125040,arXiv:1008.3327 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2010
-
[9]
Five-Point Amplitudes in N=4 Super-Yang-Mills Theory and N=8 Supergravity
J. J. M. Carrasco and H. Johansson, “Five-point amplitudes in n=4 super-yang-mills theory and n=8 supergravity,”Phys. Rev. D85(2012) 025006,arXiv:1106.4711 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2012
-
[10]
BCJ duality and the double copy in the soft limit
S. Oxburgh and C. D. White, “Bcj duality and the double copy in the soft limit,”JHEP02 (2013) 127,arXiv:1210.1110 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2013
-
[11]
Color-Kinematics Duality for Pure Yang-Mills and Gravity at One and Two Loops
Z. Bern, S. Davies, T. Dennen, Y .-t. Huang, and J. Nohle, “Color-kinematics duality for pure yang-mills and gravity at one and two loops,”Phys. Rev. D92no. 4, (2015) 045041, arXiv:1303.6605 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2015
-
[12]
Perturbative spacetimes from Yang-Mills theory
A. Luna, R. Monteiro, I. Nicholson, A. Ochirov, D. O’Connell, N. Westerberg, and C. D. White, “Perturbative spacetimes from yang-mills theory,”JHEP04(2017) 069, arXiv:1611.07508 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017
-
[13]
B. Kent and A. Zimmerman, “New Framework for Classical Double Copies,”Phys. Rev. Lett. 135no. 14, (2025) 141501,arXiv:2505.03887 [hep-th]
-
[14]
Lorentz covariant treatment of the kerr-schild metric,
M. Gurses and G. Feza, “Lorentz covariant treatment of the kerr-schild metric,”J. Math. Phys. 16(1975) 2385
work page 1975
-
[15]
Generalised kerr-schild space-times,
A. H. Taub, “Generalised kerr-schild space-times,”Annals Phys.134no. 2, (1981) 326–372
work page 1981
-
[16]
Exact vacuum solutions of einstein’s equation from linearized solutions,
B. C. Xanthopoulos, “Exact vacuum solutions of einstein’s equation from linearized solutions,” Journal of Mathematical Physics19(1978) 1607
work page 1978
-
[17]
The optical scalars in kerr-schild-type spacetimes,
B. C. Xanthopoulos, “The optical scalars in kerr-schild-type spacetimes,”Annals of Physics 149no. 2, (1983) 286–295
work page 1983
-
[18]
Black holes and the double copy
R. Monteiro, D. O’Connell, and C. D. White, “Black holes and the double copy,”JHEP12 (2014) 056,arXiv:1410.0239 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014
-
[19]
Type D Spacetimes and the Weyl Double Copy
A. Luna, R. Monteiro, I. Nicholson, and D. O’Connell, “Type d spacetimes and the weyl double copy,”Class. Quant. Grav.36(2019) 065003,arXiv:1810.08183 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2019
-
[20]
Sources in the weyl double copy,
D. A. Easson, T. Manton, and A. Svesko, “Sources in the weyl double copy,”Phys. Rev. Lett. 127no. 27, (2021) 271101,arXiv:2110.02293 [gr-qc]
- [21]
-
[22]
Scattering on plane waves and the double copy
T. Adamo, E. Casali, L. Mason, and S. Nekovar, “Scattering on plane waves and the double copy,”Class. Quant. Grav.35no. 1, (2018) 015004,arXiv:1706.08925 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018
-
[23]
The classical double copy in maximally symmetric spacetimes
M. Carrillo-Gonz ´alez, R. Penco, and M. Trodden, “The classical double copy in maximally symmetric spacetimes,”JHEP04(2018) 028,arXiv:1711.01296 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2018
- [24]
-
[25]
The Kerr-Schild double copy in curved spacetime
N. Bahjat-Abbas, A. Luna, and C. D. White, “The kerr-schild double copy in curved spacetime,”JHEP12(2017) 004,arXiv:1710.01953 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2017
-
[26]
M. Taylor, “Non-relativistic holography,”arXiv:0812.0530 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv
-
[27]
Towards the uniqueness of Lifshitz black holes and solitons in New Massive Gravity
E. Ay ´on-Beato, M. Hassa¨ıne, and M. M. Ju´arez-Aubry, “Towards the uniqueness of Lifshitz black holes and solitons in New Massive Gravity,”Phys. Rev. D90no. 4, (2014) 044026, arXiv:1406.1588 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2014
-
[28]
H. Godazgar, M. Godazgar, R. Monteiro, D. Peinador Veiga, and C. N. Pope, “Asymptotic Weyl double copy,”JHEP11(2021) 126,arXiv:2109.07866 [hep-th]
-
[29]
Classical double copy at null infinity,
T. Adamo and U. Kol, “Classical double copy at null infinity,”Class. Quant. Grav.39no. 10, (2022) 105007,arXiv:2109.07832 [hep-th]
-
[30]
Asymptotic Weyl double copy in Newman-Penrose formalism,
P. Mao and W. Zhao, “Asymptotic Weyl double copy in Newman-Penrose formalism,” arXiv:2312.17160 [hep-th]
- [31]
-
[32]
Holographic Superconductors with Lifshitz Scaling
E. J. Brynjolfsson, U. H. Danielsson, L. Thorlacius, and T. Zingg, “Holographic Superconductors with Lifshitz Scaling,”J. Phys. A43(2010) 065401,arXiv:0908.2611 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2010
-
[33]
A Lifshitz Black Hole in Four Dimensional R^2 Gravity
R.-G. Cai, Y . Liu, and Y .-W. Sun, “A Lifshitz Black Hole in Four DimensionalR2 Gravity,” JHEP10(2009) 080,arXiv:0909.2807 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2009
-
[34]
Rotating spacetimes generalizing Lifshitz black holes,
A. Herrera-Aguilar, J. A. Herrera-Mendoza, and D. F. Higuita-Borja, “Rotating spacetimes generalizing Lifshitz black holes,”Eur. Phys. J. C81no. 10, (2021) 874, arXiv:2104.14514 [hep-th]
-
[35]
H. Stephani, D. Kramer, M. A. H. MacCallum, C. Hoenselaers, and E. Herlt,Exact solutions of Einstein’s field equations. Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, 2003
work page 2003
-
[36]
Formation of Topological Black holes from Gravitational Collapse
W. L. Smith and R. B. Mann, “Formation of topological black holes from gravitational collapse,”Phys. Rev. D56(1997) 4942–4947,arXiv:gr-qc/9703007
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1997
-
[37]
Topological Black Holes -- Outside Looking In
R. B. Mann, “Topological black holes: Outside looking in,”Annals Israel Phys. Soc.13(1997) 311,arXiv:gr-qc/9709039
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1997
-
[38]
A Spinor approach to general relativity,
R. Penrose, “A Spinor approach to general relativity,”Annals Phys.10(1960) 171–201
work page 1960
-
[39]
O’Donnell,Introduction to 2-Spinors in General Relativity
P. O’Donnell,Introduction to 2-Spinors in General Relativity. 4, 2003
work page 2003
-
[40]
R. Penrose and W. Rindler,Spinors and Space-Time. Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, UK, 4, 2011
work page 2011
-
[41]
R. Penrose and W. Rindler,SPINORS AND SPACE-TIME. VOL. 2: SPINOR AND TWISTOR METHODS IN SPACE-TIME GEOMETRY. Cambridge Monographs on Mathematical Physics. Cambridge University Press, 4, 1988. 18
work page 1988
-
[42]
H. Godazgar, M. Godazgar, R. Monteiro, D. Peinador Veiga, and C. N. Pope, “Weyl double copy for gravitational waves,”Phys. Rev. Lett.126no. 10, (2021) 101103, arXiv:2010.02925 [hep-th]
-
[43]
On quadratic first integrals of the geodesic equations for type [22] spacetimes,
M. Walker and R. Penrose, “On quadratic first integrals of the geodesic equations for type [22] spacetimes,”Commun. Math. Phys.18(1970) 265–274
work page 1970
-
[44]
On a quadratic first integral for the charged particle orbits in the charged kerr solution,
L. P. Hughston, R. Penrose, P. Sommers, and M. Walker, “On a quadratic first integral for the charged particle orbits in the charged kerr solution,”Commun. Math. Phys.27(1972) 303–308
work page 1972
-
[45]
Space-times admitting Killing-Yano tensors. I,
W. Dietz and R. Rudiger, “Space-times admitting Killing-Yano tensors. I,”Proceedings of the Royal Society of London A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences375no. 1762, (1981) 361–378
work page 1981
-
[46]
Lifshitz Topological Black Holes
R. B. Mann, “Lifshitz Topological Black Holes,”JHEP06(2009) 075,arXiv:0905.1136 [hep-th]
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2009
- [47]
-
[48]
Five dimensional Weyl double copy,
W. Zhao, P.-J. Mao, and J.-B. Wu, “Five dimensional Weyl double copy,”Phys. Rev. D111 no. 8, (2025) L081902,arXiv:2409.06786 [hep-th]
-
[49]
Weyl double copy in type D spacetime in four and five dimensions,
W. Zhao, P.-J. Mao, and J.-B. Wu, “Weyl double copy in type D spacetime in four and five dimensions,”Phys. Rev. D111no. 6, (2025) 066005,arXiv:2411.04774 [hep-th]
- [50]
-
[51]
J. Stachel, “Globally stationary but locally static space-times: A gravitational analog of the Aharonov-Bohm effect,”Phys. Rev. D26(1982) 1281–1290
work page 1982
-
[52]
Cylindrical Black Hole in General Relativity
J. P. S. Lemos, “Cylindrical black hole in general relativity,”Phys. Lett. B353(1995) 46–51, arXiv:gr-qc/9404041
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 1995
-
[53]
Higher Dimensional Charged Rotating Solutions in (A)dS Space-times
A. M. Awad, “Higher dimensional charged rotating solutions in (A)dS space-times,”Class. Quant. Grav.20(2003) 2827–2834,arXiv:hep-th/0209238. 19
work page internal anchor Pith review Pith/arXiv arXiv 2003
discussion (0)
Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.