Pith. sign in

REVIEW 3 major objections 5 minor 67 references

Crossing MoS2 nanoribbons makes Moiré quantum dots whose exciton emission peaks at a 22° twist and red-shifts as the junction shrinks.

Reviewed by Pith at T0; open to challenge. T0 means a machine referee read the full paper against a public rubric. the ladder, T0–T4 →

Challenge this review Re-run · record.json Download PDF Read on arXiv ↗

T0 review · grok-4.5

2026-07-10 16:18 UTC pith:3DJO6IEZ

load-bearing objection Real 1D–1D Moiré platform with solid multi-modal data; the 22° and size claims are interesting but still correlative. the 3 major comments →

arxiv 2607.07871 v1 pith:3DJO6IEZ submitted 2026-07-08 cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hallphysics.opticsquant-ph

Quantum Dot Moir\'e from Crossed MoS2 Nanoribbons

Xinting Shuai , Hao Zhang , Wenjing Wu , Chongning Wu , Maryam Amiri , T. A. M. Ragib Shahriar , Dian Pan , Zhi Kai Ng
show 17 more authors
Tymofii Pieshkov Leeza Dutta Yijun Zhou Rohith Narra Luke Van Leeuwen Jishnu Murukeshan Luyao Shi Jiawei Lai Atin Pramanik Bipin Kumar Gupta Edwin Hang Tong Teo Robert Vajtai Xiang Zhang Hanyu Zhu Shengxi Huang Aditya D. Mohite Pulickel M. Ajayan
This is my paper
classification cond-mat.mtrl-sci cond-mat.mes-hallphysics.opticsquant-ph
keywords MoS2 nanoribbonsMoiré quantum dotstwisted bilayersexciton emissioncommensurate anglesize-dependent PLinterlayer couplingCVD growth
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved

The pith

A machine-rendered reading of the paper's core claim, the machinery that carries it, and where it could break.

Most Moiré work stacks two continuous 2D sheets, so the interference pattern spreads over a large area with little built-in lateral confinement. This paper instead grows monolayer MoS2 nanoribbons by catalyst-free CVD, peels them, and stacks them at controlled angles so that only the tiny overlap region forms a Moiré pattern. That confined junction behaves like a quasi-0D Moiré quantum dot. At the commensurate 22° twist the junction lights up far more strongly than the adjacent ribbons at cryogenic temperature and the bright exciton decays faster; smaller junctions further red-shift the emission and soften the in-plane Raman mode. The platform therefore supplies two independent knobs—twist angle and overlap size—for tuning exciton energy and relaxation that are hard to reach in extended bilayers.

Core claim

When two monolayer MoS2 nanoribbons are stacked with a controlled twist, their nanoscale overlap forms a Moiré quantum dot whose exciton emission is strongly enhanced at the commensurate angle of approximately 22° (with faster low-temperature radiative decay) and whose optical gap red-shifts systematically as the junction area is reduced, because edge-mediated lattice reconstruction deepens the local Moiré potential.

What carries the argument

Moiré quantum dots (MQDs): the laterally confined overlap region created by crossing two twisted MoS2 nanoribbons; the finite junction truncates the Moiré superlattice and lets edge-driven reconstruction and twist angle jointly set the local exciton landscape.

Load-bearing premise

The brightening at 22° and the red-shift with smaller junctions are caused by Moiré reconstruction and edge tensile strain rather than residual transfer strain, contamination, or ordinary bilayer screening.

What would settle it

Map local strain and interlayer spacing inside junctions of identical size but different twist (including 0°) with atomic-resolution STEM or tip-enhanced Raman; if the 22° peak and size-dependent red-shift disappear when local strain is held fixed, the Moiré-reconstruction claim fails.

Watch this falsifier — get emailed when new claim-graph text bears on it.

If this is right

  • Exciton energy and brightness in a MoS2 stack can be tuned by choosing both twist angle and physical overlap area of nanoribbons.
  • Commensurate 22° junctions act as bright, site-controlled emitters with a faster low-temperature radiative channel.
  • Edge-to-area ratio becomes a design parameter: smaller MQDs deepen the local potential and lower the optical gap.
  • The same nanoribbon stacking route can be extended to other 1D TMD pairs to create confined Moiré sites.

Where Pith is reading between the lines

These are editorial extensions of the paper, not claims the author makes directly.

  • Because the junction is diffraction-limited, near-field or tip-enhanced spectroscopies will be required before the claimed quantum-dot character can be spatially resolved at the single-Moiré-cell level.
  • If edge reconstruction dominates, intentional edge passivation or encapsulation should suppress the size-dependent red-shift while leaving the 22° angular peak intact—an immediate control experiment.
  • The platform offers a natural testbed for magneto-optics: an external field could lift valley degeneracy inside a single confined Moiré site without the spatial averaging of extended bilayers.

Editorial analysis

A structured set of objections, weighed in public.

Desk editor's note, referee report, simulated authors' rebuttal, and a circularity audit.

Referee Report

3 major / 5 minor

Summary. The manuscript reports a platform of Moiré quantum dots (MQDs) formed by deterministic stacking of CVD-grown monolayer MoS2 nanoribbons at controlled twist angles. STEM/FFT, SHG, Raman (including low-frequency layer-breathing modes), and temperature-dependent PL/TRPL are used to characterize the junctions. The central claims are (i) a strong, cryogenic enhancement of XA exciton emission at the commensurate ~22° twist (R(θ) and ΔR peaking, with faster XA decay at low T) and (ii) a size-dependent PL red-shift (~24 meV) and E2g1 softening as the overlap area shrinks from ~0.53 to ~0.033 µm² at fixed 45°, attributed to edge-mediated lattice reconstruction that deepens the local Moiré potential. The work positions 1D–1D confined Moiré junctions as complementary to extended 2D–2D twisted bilayers.

Significance. If the angle- and size-dependent excitonic trends hold under tighter controls, this is a useful materials platform: catalyst-free epitaxial MoS2 nanoribbons plus deterministic stacking give a quasi-0D Moiré junction whose overlap area is an independent geometric knob that extended 2D bilayers lack. The combination of SHG orientation assignment, STEM Moiré imaging, LF Raman confinement of the bilayer region, and temperature-dependent PL/TRPL at a commensurate angle is a coherent experimental package and would interest the TMD Moiré and quantum-emitter communities. The main advance is geometric confinement of the Moiré region rather than a new many-body phase; significance therefore hinges on whether the 22° brightening and size red-shift are cleanly attributable to Moiré reconstruction rather than transfer/interface artifacts.

major comments (3)
  1. §Excitonic photo-physics of MQDs and Figs. 4c–d: the load-bearing claim that R(θ) and ΔR(θ) peak at 22° because of commensurate Moiré reconstruction is not yet secured against non-Moiré alternatives. R is defined only versus adjacent single NRs, not versus size-matched 0°/60° bilayer junctions of comparable overlap area and edge length. Residual transfer strain, interface contamination after PDMS/water transfer and 300 °C anneal, or bilayer dielectric screening can produce intensity contrast. Please add (i) zero-twist or near-0°/60° control junctions with matched areas, (ii) sample-size and error bars on R(θ)/ΔR, and (iii) a brief discussion of how many independent junctions enter each angle bin.
  2. Figs. 4g–h and the size-series paragraph: the ~24 meV PL red-shift and E2g1 softening with shrinking MQD area are reported only at fixed 45°. Twist and size are therefore not crossed, so the causal assignment to edge-mediated tensile strain and deepened Moiré potential remains correlative. Without local strain mapping (e.g., tip-enhanced Raman, geometric-phase analysis on STEM, or nano-PL) at the junctions that show the largest red-shift, residual process strain cannot be excluded. Either provide a size series at a second angle (ideally 0° and 22°) or an independent local strain metric, and report uncertainties on the 24 meV shift and the power-law slope 0.88 in Fig. 3g.
  3. Abstract and main text claim “soften out-of-plane interlayer coupling” for smaller Moiré areas, but Fig. 4h correlates PL with the in-plane E2g1 mode; A1g and LF layer-breathing trends versus area are not shown. Please either supply A1g/LB size dependence that supports out-of-plane softening or rephrase the claim to match the measured in-plane phonon softening and PL red-shift.
minor comments (5)
  1. Abstract: “soften out-of-plane interlayer coupling” is inconsistent with the body text’s emphasis on E2g1 (in-plane) softening; align wording.
  2. Fig. 2e–g / SHG section: junction-fit angles are listed with duplicated/scrambled values in the text (“30.2°, -6.4° and 41.8°41.8°, -6.4°, and 30.2°”); clean the assignment and state the final θ used for each sample.
  3. Several figure captions and body text contain typos (e.g., “MDQ”, “paticles”, “Morie”, “interconnect NR1”); a careful proofread is needed.
  4. Methods: state laser power density, spot size, and number of junctions measured for the angle- and size-dependent PL series so that saturation and statistics can be assessed.
  5. Clarify whether left- and right-handed twists are treated as equivalent throughout the 0°–60° reduction, and how that affects the 22° assignment.

Circularity Check

1 steps flagged

Primarily experimental; 22° special status is imported from prior literature but re-measured independently on the new MQD geometry, so circularity is minimal.

specific steps
  1. other [§Excitonic photo-physics of MQDs, discussion of 22° (around Fig. 4c–f)]
    "Together with the large positive R(θ) and ΔR(θ) at 22°, the contour and TRPL data support a distinct exciton relaxation pathway at this commensurate angle, consistent with prior reports that at 22° twisted bilayer MoS2 hosts particularly pronounced Moiré-driven excitonic signatures resulted from shorter Moiré period, reduced effective mass, stronger interlayer interactions and periodic atomic reconstruction compared with other angles.34,52,63"

    The special status of 22° as the angle expected to show strong Moiré excitonic signatures is imported from prior 2D literature rather than derived from the present data. The paper then reports that its MQDs also peak there. This is mild interpretive framing, not a self-definitional or fitted-input loop: R(θ), ΔR, and TRPL are independently measured on the new geometry. It does not force the numerical result by construction.

full rationale

The paper is an experimental materials platform paper. Its central claims (enhanced XA emission and faster low-T radiative decay at ~22°, plus PL red-shift and E2g1 softening with shrinking MQD area) are measured quantities: R(θ)=I_cross/I_single, ΔR(θ), TRPL lifetimes, and size-series PL/Raman peak positions. These are not derived from a fitted model that is then re-presented as a prediction, nor from a uniqueness theorem of the present authors. The only mild circularity-adjacent step is the interpretive framing that 22° is the “commensurate” angle expected to host pronounced Moiré signatures, which is taken from external 2D MoS2 literature (refs 34, 52, 63) rather than derived here; the authors then re-measure the optical response on their confined 1D–1D junctions. That is ordinary scientific practice, not a self-definitional or fitted-input loop. No self-citation is load-bearing for the existence of the intensity peak or the size red-shift. Residual-strain or contamination alternatives remain open as correctness risks, but they do not make the reported observables circular by construction. Score 1 reflects a single minor interpretive import with independent experimental content.

Axiom & Free-Parameter Ledger

3 free parameters · 4 axioms · 1 invented entities

Experimental materials paper; load-bearing content consists of domain assumptions drawn from established TMD Moiré literature plus a small number of fitted spectroscopic parameters. No new fundamental constants or particles are introduced.

free parameters (3)
  • power-law exponent of PL intensity vs excitation = 0.88
    Fitted slope 0.88 used to argue localization; no uncertainty or alternative models reported.
  • Lorentzian peak positions and amplitudes for XA, XB, XA-
    Multi-peak deconvolution of every PL spectrum; small shifts in fit windows can move the reported R(θ) ratios.
  • SHG orientation angles φ0 and junction interference amplitudes
    Used to resolve the 60° ambiguity and re-assign nominal OM angles; fit form I(φ)=A cos²(3(φ-φ0))+C is standard but amplitudes are free.
axioms (4)
  • domain assumption Moiré potential in twisted bilayer MoS2 localizes excitons into registry-defined minima that can brighten emission relative to monolayer
    Invoked throughout the interpretation of enhanced R(θ) at 22° (Introduction and Excitonic photo-physics sections).
  • domain assumption Temperature renormalization of MoS2 exciton energies arises from electron-phonon coupling and thermal expansion
    Used to explain the blue-shift of XA/XB/XA- between RT and 3 K (Fig. 4a,b).
  • ad hoc to paper Edge-to-area ratio increases lattice reconstruction and tensile strain in smaller junctions, deepening the local potential
    Central to the size-dependent red-shift claim (Fig. 4g,h); not independently measured by local strain mapping.
  • domain assumption 22° is a commensurate angle hosting particularly strong Moiré reconstruction in bilayer MoS2
    Taken from prior literature (refs 34,52,63) and used to highlight the observed PL maximum.
invented entities (1)
  • Moiré quantum-dots (MQDs) independent evidence
    purpose: Name the laterally confined overlap junctions formed by crossed nanoribbons and frame them as quasi-0D emitters.
    Descriptive label for an experimentally realized geometry; the optical signatures are measured, so the entity is not purely postulated.

pith-pipeline@v1.1.0-grok45 · 20368 in / 2993 out tokens · 42669 ms · 2026-07-10T16:18:50.631260+00:00 · methodology

0 comments
read the original abstract

Twisted atomically thin layers have attracted much attention for Moir\'e potential and correlated quantum phenomena. However, existing Moir\'e superlattices have largely been limited to extensive wavefunction without lateral confinement. Here we introduce a new platform where 1D nanoribbons of 2D MoS2 grown by vapor deposition can be easily superposed at various angles from stacking and transferring, to form Moir\'e quantum dots at their intersections with unique exciton physics. Angle-dependent Moir\'e intersections show enhanced exciton emission at commensurate angle 22 deg, which demonstrates faster relaxation at the cryogenic temperature. A size-dependent study further exhibits a reduced exciton energy and soften out-of-plane interlayer coupling for smaller Moir\'e areas. Our results reveal exciton physics turnability via precise overlapping of 1D nanoribbons.

Figures

Figures reproduced from arXiv: 2607.07871 by Aditya D. Mohite, Atin Pramanik, Bipin Kumar Gupta, Chongning Wu, Dian Pan, Edwin Hang Tong Teo, Hanyu Zhu, Hao Zhang, Jiawei Lai, Jishnu Murukeshan, Leeza Dutta, Luke Van Leeuwen, Luyao Shi, Maryam Amiri, Pulickel M. Ajayan, Robert Vajtai, Rohith Narra, Shengxi Huang, T. A. M. Ragib Shahriar, Tymofii Pieshkov, Wenjing Wu, Xiang Zhang, Xinting Shuai, Yijun Zhou, Zhi Kai Ng.

Figure 1
Figure 1. Figure 1: Fabrication of MoS2 MQDs a, Schematic of MQDs creation through MoS2 NRs as￾grown MoS2 NRs on mica, water-assisted peeling off, angle-controlled transfer and annealing and two-layer sample stack. b, SEM image of MoS2 grown on mica by CVD method, interconnected NRs have 60° or 120° angle. Inset is high magnification SEM image of single NR with 150nm width. c, Optical microscope (OM) image of MQD from two-lay… view at source ↗
Figure 2
Figure 2. Figure 2: Characterization of MoS2 MQDs a,b, Typical PL spectra (a) of monolayer single NR and 35° MQDs and Raman spectra (b) of monolayer single NR and 48° MQDs, showing different PL and Raman peak positions between single NR and MQDs (OM image of 48°C MDQ inset, scale bar is 1 µm). c, Raman position mapping ranges from 373 to 391.1 cm-1 with 48° MQDs, scale bar is 1µm. d, OM images of stacked MQDs from 0 to 90°, t… view at source ↗
Figure 3
Figure 3. Figure 3: Twist angle-dependence for spectroscopy of the MQDs [PITH_FULL_IMAGE:figures/full_fig_p008_3.png] view at source ↗
Figure 4
Figure 4. Figure 4: Twist angle-dependence exciton behavior of the MQDs a,b, Fitted RT (a) and LT (b) PL energy position of exciton XA (red), XB (black) and trion XA- (green) as the function of twist angles (0° to 60°) on MQDs. c, Ratio of LT PL intensity on MQD and single layer (R(θ)) for exciton XA as the function of twist angles. d, Difference of PL intensity Ratio (Δ𝑅(θ)) for exciton XA on cross-section area between LT an… view at source ↗

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Reference graph

Works this paper leans on

67 extracted references · 67 canonical work pages

  1. [1]

    Klein, D. R. et al. Imaging the sub-moiré potential using an atomic single electron transistor. Nat. 2026 6508103 650, 875–881 (2026)

    work page 2026

  2. [2]

    Lian, Z. et al. Exciton Superposition across Moiré States in a Semiconducting Moiré Superlattice. Nat. Commun. 2023 141 14, 5042- (2023)

    work page 2023

  3. [3]

    & Yao, W

    Zhai, D., Yu, H. & Yao, W. Twistronics and moiré superlattice physics in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Reports Prog. Phys. 88, 084501 (2025)

    work page 2025

  4. [4]

    Regan, E. C. et al. Emerging exciton physics in transition metal dichalcogenide heterobilayers. Nat. Rev. Mater. 2022 710 7, 778–795 (2022)

    work page 2022

  5. [5]

    Wu, B. et al. Evidence for moiré intralayer excitons in twisted WSe2/WSe2 homobilayer superlattices. Light Sci. Appl. 2022 111 11, 166- (2022)

    work page 2022

  6. [6]

    Brotons-Gisbert, M. et al. Spin–layer locking of interlayer excitons trapped in moiré potentials. Nat. Mater. 2020 196 19, 630–636 (2020)

    work page 2020

  7. [7]

    Jin, C. et al. Observation of moiré excitons in WSe2/WS2 heterostructure superlattices. Nat. 2019 5677746 567, 76–80 (2019)

    work page 2019

  8. [8]

    Zhang, L. et al. Twist-angle dependence of moiré excitons in WS2/MoSe2 heterobilayers. Nat. Commun. 2020 111 11, 5888- (2020)

    work page 2020

  9. [9]

    Förg, M. et al. Moiré excitons in MoSe2-WSe2 heterobilayers and heterotrilayers. Nat. Commun. 2021 121 12, 1656- (2021)

    work page 2021

  10. [10]

    Sung, J. et al. Broken mirror symmetry in excitonic response of reconstructed domains in twisted MoSe2/MoSe2 bilayers. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2020 159 15, 750–754 (2020)

    work page 2020

  11. [11]

    Van Winkle, M. et al. Rotational and dilational reconstruction in transition metal dichalcogenide moiré bilayers. Nat. Commun. 14, (2023). 17

    work page 2023

  12. [12]

    Robert, C. et al. Measurement of the spin-forbidden dark excitons in MoS2 and MoSe2 monolayers. Nat. Commun. 11, 4037- (2020)

    work page 2020

  13. [13]

    Uchiyama, Y. et al. Momentum-forbidden dark excitons in hBN-encapsulated monolayer MoS2. npj 2D Mater. Appl. 2019 31 3, 26- (2019)

    work page 2019

  14. [14]

    Bao, W. et al. Visualizing nanoscale excitonic relaxation properties of disordered edges and grain boundaries in monolayer molybdenum disulfide. Nat. Commun. 2015 61 6, 7993- (2015)

    work page 2015

  15. [15]

    Wei, G. et al. Size-tunable Lateral Confinement in Monolayer Semiconductors. Sci. Reports 2017 71 7, 3324- (2017)

    work page 2017

  16. [16]

    Chen, J. et al. Tin(IV)-Tolerant Vapor-Phase Growth and Photophysical Properties of Aligned Cesium Tin Halide Perovskite (CsSnX3; X = Br, I) Nanowires. ACS Energy Lett. 4, 1045–1052 (2019)

    work page 2019

  17. [17]

    Chen, J. et al. Vapor-Phase Epitaxial Growth of Aligned Nanowire Networks of Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites (CsPbX3, X = Cl, Br, I). Nano Lett. 17, 460–466 (2016)

    work page 2016

  18. [18]

    Li, S. et al. Vapour–liquid–solid growth of monolayer MoS2 nanoribbons. Nat. Mater. 2018 176 17, 535–542 (2018)

    work page 2018

  19. [19]

    Ahn, C. et al. Growth of Monolayer and Multilayer MoS2Films by Selection of Growth Mode: Two Pathways via Chemisorption and Physisorption of an Inorganic Molecular Precursor. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 13, 6805–6812 (2021)

    work page 2021

  20. [20]

    Jeon, J. et al. Layer-controlled CVD growth of large-area two-dimensional MoS2 films. Nanoscale 7, 1688–1695 (2015)

    work page 2015

  21. [21]

    Gong, Y. et al. Vertical and in-plane heterostructures from WS 2 /MoS 2 monolayers. Nat. Mater. 13, 1135–1142 (2014)

    work page 2014

  22. [22]

    & Joselevich, E

    Ismach, A., Segev, L., Wachtel, E. & Joselevich, E. Atomic-step-templated formation of single wall carbon nanotube patterns. Angew. Chemie - Int. Ed. 43, 6140–6143 (2004)

    work page 2004

  23. [23]

    Mermin, N. D. et al. References and Notes 1. 333, 1003–1007 (2011)

    work page 2011

  24. [24]

    & Shin, N

    Shim, H. & Shin, N. VLS Homoepitaxy of Lead Iodide Nanowires for Hybrid Perovskite Conversion. J. Phys. Chem. Lett. 10, 6741–6749 (2019)

    work page 2019

  25. [25]

    Ji, Q. et al. Epitaxial Monolayer MoS2 on Mica with Novel Photoluminescence. Nano Lett. 13, 3870–3877 (2013)

    work page 2013

  26. [26]

    Gurarslan, A. et al. Surface-energy-assisted perfect transfer of centimeter-scale monolayer and few-layer MoS2 films onto arbitrary substrates. ACS Nano 8, 11522–11528 (2014)

    work page 2014

  27. [27]

    Zhang, X. et al. Tunable photoluminescence of bilayer MoS2 via interlayer twist. Opt. Mater. (Amst). 94, 213–216 (2019)

    work page 2019

  28. [28]

    & Maultzsch, J

    Gillen, R. & Maultzsch, J. Light-Matter Interactions in Two-Dimensional Transition Metal Dichalcogenides: Dominant Excitonic Transitions in Mono- and Few-Layer MoX-2 and Band Nesting. IEEE J. Sel. Top. Quantum Electron. 23, 219–230 (2017). 18

    work page 2017

  29. [29]

    Chakraborty, B., Matte, H. S. S. R., Sood, A. K. & Rao, C. N. R. Layer-dependent resonant Raman scattering of a few layer MoS2. J. Raman Spectrosc. 44, 92–96 (2013)

    work page 2013

  30. [30]

    Lee, C. et al. Anomalous Lattice Vibrations of Single- and Few-Layer MoS2. ACS Nano 4, 2695–2700 (2010)

    work page 2010

  31. [31]

    Psilodimitrakopoulos, S. et al. Ultrahigh-resolution nonlinear optical imaging of the armchair orientation in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides. Light Sci. Appl. 2018 75 7, 18005–18005 (2018)

    work page 2018

  32. [32]

    Maragkakis, G. M. et al. Imaging the crystal orientation of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides using polarization-resolved second-harmonic generation. Opto-Electronic Adv. 2019, Vol. 2, Issue 11, Pages 190026-1-190026-8 2, 190026–1 (2019)

    work page 2019

  33. [33]

    Hsu, W. T. et al. Second Harmonic Generation from Artificially Stacked Transition Metal Dichalcogenide Twisted Bilayers. ACS Nano 8, 2951–2958 (2014)

    work page 2014

  34. [34]

    Liao, M. et al. Precise control of the interlayer twist angle in large scale MoS2 homostructures. Nat. Commun. 2020 111 11, 2153- (2020)

    work page 2020

  35. [35]

    Huang, S. et al. Probing the Interlayer Coupling of Twisted Bilayer MoS2 Using Photoluminescence Spectroscopy. Nano Lett. 14, 5500–5508 (2014)

    work page 2014

  36. [36]

    Xu, M. et al. Reconfiguring nucleation for CVD growth of twisted bilayer MoS2 with a wide range of twist angles. Nat. Commun. 2024 151 15, 562- (2024)

    work page 2024

  37. [37]

    Liu, K. et al. Evolution of interlayer coupling in twisted molybdenum disulfide bilayers. Nat. Commun. 2014 51 5, 4966- (2014)

    work page 2014

  38. [38]

    Lu, J. et al. Cross-domain growth and angle-dependent interlayer coupling of twisted bilayer MoS2. Appl. Phys. Lett. 123, 263101 (2023)

    work page 2023

  39. [39]

    & Wirtz, L

    Molina-Sánchez, A. & Wirtz, L. Phonons in single-layer and few-layer MoS2 Phys. Rev. B 84, 155413 (2011)

    work page 2011

  40. [40]

    Terrones, H. et al. New First Order Raman-active Modes in Few Layered Transition Metal Dichalcogenides. Sci. Reports 2014 41 4, 4215- (2014)

    work page 2014

  41. [41]

    Castellanos-Gomez, A., van der Zant, H. S. J. & Steele, G. A. Folded MoS2 layers with reduced interlayer coupling. Nano Res. 2014 74 7, 572–578 (2015)

    work page 2014

  42. [42]

    Sarkar, S. et al. Evolution of inter-layer coupling in artificially stacked bilayer MoS2. Nanoscale Adv. 1, 4398–4405 (2019)

    work page 2019

  43. [43]

    Du, L. et al. Modulating PL and electronic structures of MoS2/graphene heterostructures via interlayer twisting angle. Appl. Phys. Lett. 111, 263106 (2017)

    work page 2017

  44. [44]

    & Frank, O

    Rodríguez, Á., Varillas, J., Haider, G., Kalbáč, M. & Frank, O. Complex Strain Scapes in Reconstructed Transition-Metal Dichalcogenide Moiré Superlattices. ACS Nano 17, 7787– 7796 (2023)

    work page 2023

  45. [45]

    T., Umakoshi, T

    Sam, R. T., Umakoshi, T. & Verma, P. Probing stacking configurations in a few layered MoS2 by low frequency Raman spectroscopy. Sci. Reports 2020 101 10, 21227- (2020). 19

    work page 2020

  46. [46]

    Quan, J. et al. Phonon renormalization in reconstructed MoS2 moiré superlattices. Nat. Mater. 2021 208 20, 1100–1105 (2021)

    work page 2021

  47. [47]

    Li, L. et al. Moiré collective vibrations in atomically thin van der Waals superlattices. Nat. Commun. 2025 161 16, 4117- (2025)

    work page 2025

  48. [48]

    Huang, S. et al. Low-Frequency Interlayer Raman Modes to Probe Interface of Twisted Bilayer MoS2. Nano Lett. 16, 1435–1444 (2016)

    work page 2016

  49. [49]

    Li, D. et al. Electric-field-induced strong enhancement of electroluminescence in multilayer molybdenum disulfide. Nat. Commun. 2015 61 6, 7509- (2015)

    work page 2015

  50. [50]

    & Kis, A

    Radisavljevic, B., Radenovic, A., Brivio, J., Giacometti, V. & Kis, A. Single-layer MoS2 transistors. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2011 63 6, 147–150 (2011)

    work page 2011

  51. [51]

    & Kis, A

    Lopez-Sanchez, O., Lembke, D., Kayci, M., Radenovic, A. & Kis, A. Ultrasensitive photodetectors based on monolayer MoS2. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2013 87 8, 497–501 (2013)

    work page 2013

  52. [52]

    Zhou, J. et al. Homo-Site Nucleation Growth of Twisted Bilayer MoS2 with Commensurate Angles. Adv. Mater. 36, 2408227 (2024)

    work page 2024

  53. [53]

    Seyler, K. L. et al. Signatures of moiré-trapped valley excitons in MoSe2/WSe2 heterobilayers. Nat. 2019 5677746 567, 66–70 (2019)

    work page 2019

  54. [54]

    Jin, C. et al. Identification of spin, valley and moiré quasi-angular momentum of interlayer excitons. Nat. Phys. 2019 1511 15, 1140–1144 (2019)

    work page 2019

  55. [55]

    Andersen, T. I. et al. Excitons in a reconstructed moiré potential in twisted WSe2/WSe2 homobilayers. Nat. Mater. 2021 204 20, 480–487 (2021)

    work page 2021

  56. [56]

    A., Demiralay, K., Khan, M

    Durmuş, M. A., Demiralay, K., Khan, M. M., Atalay, Ş. E. & Sarpkaya, I. Prolonged dephasing time of ensemble of moiré-trapped interlayer excitons in WSe2-MoSe2 heterobilayers. npj 2D Mater. Appl. 7, 65- (2023)

    work page 2023

  57. [57]

    Mahdikhanysarvejahany, F. et al. Temperature dependent moiré trapping of interlayer excitons in MoSe2-WSe2 heterostructures. npj 2D Mater. Appl. 2021 51 5, 67- (2021)

    work page 2021

  58. [58]

    Blundo, E. et al. Localisation-to-delocalisation transition of moiré excitons in WSe2/MoSe2 heterostructures. Nat. Commun. 2024 151 15, 1057- (2024)

    work page 2024

  59. [59]

    Zhao, S. et al. Excitons in mesoscopically reconstructed moiré heterostructures. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2023 186 18, 572–579 (2023)

    work page 2023

  60. [60]

    & Yang, L

    Soklaski, R., Liang, Y. & Yang, L. Temperature effect on optical spectra of monolayer molybdenum disulfide. Appl. Phys. Lett. 104, (2014)

    work page 2014

  61. [61]

    W., Goldberg, B

    Christopher, J. W., Goldberg, B. B. & Swan, A. K. Long tailed trions in monolayer MoS2: Temperature dependent asymmetry and resulting red-shift of trion photoluminescence spectra. Sci. Reports 2017 71 7, 14062- (2017)

    work page 2017

  62. [62]

    Wang, H. et al. Radiative lifetimes of excitons and trions in monolayers of the metal dichalcogenide MoS2. Phys. Rev. B 93, 045407 (2016)

    work page 2016

  63. [63]

    Li, X. et al. Controlling Twisted Angles in Directly Grown MoS2 Bilayers via Tilt Grain 20 Boundary Engineering. Adv. Sci. 12, e09280 (2025)

    work page 2025

  64. [64]

    Li, H. et al. Imaging moiré flat bands in three-dimensional reconstructed WSe2/WS2 superlattices. Nat. Mater. 2021 207 20, 945–950 (2021)

    work page 2021

  65. [65]

    & Malic, E

    Hagel, J., Brem, S. & Malic, E. Polarization and Charge-Separation of Moiré Excitons in van der Waals Heterostructures. Nano Lett. 24, 14702–14708 (2024)

    work page 2024

  66. [66]

    Conley, H. J. et al. Bandgap Engineering of Strained Monolayer and Bilayer MoS2. Nano Lett. 13, 3626–3630 (2013)

    work page 2013

  67. [67]

    Weston, A. et al. Atomic reconstruction in twisted bilayers of transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat. Nanotechnol. 2020 157 15, 592–597 (2020). Acknowledgments: We thank Z. Huang and X. Ma for useful discussions on the magneto optical spectroscopy measurements. We thank A. Jade for part of twist angle verification. Funding: X.S. and P.M.A. acknowledge the...

    work page 2020