Bounds on long-lived charged massive particles from Big Bang nucleosynthesis

Karsten Jedamzik (LPTA)

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Bounds on long-lived charged massive particles from Big Bang nucleosynthesis

Karsten Jedamzik (LPTA)

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Submitted 26 Oct 2007

abstract compiled · 2026-09-23 · no language-model review

The authors' main claim The analysis yields the surprising result that except for small areas in the particle parameter space conservative constraints on the abundance of decaying charged particles are currently very close to those of neutral particles.

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What the abstract itself states, as probabilities: claims first 0.05 · states limitation 0.92 · human participants 0.01 · controlled comparison 0.18 · randomized assignment 0.02 · states quantitative result 0.95 · compares with prior results 0.88 · mentions code or data availability 0.09.

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arXiv listing abstract v3. Results and the main claim are underlined; show every role.

The Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the presence of charged massive particles (CHAMPs) is studied in detail. All currently known effects due to the existence of bound states between CHAMPs and nuclei, including possible late-time destruction of Li6 and Li7 are included. The study sets conservative bounds on CHAMP abundances in the decay time range 3x10^2 sec - 10^12 sec. It is stressed that the production of Li6 at early times T ~ 10keV is overestimated by a factor ~ 10 when the approximation of the Saha equation for the He4 bound state fraction is utilised. To obtain conservative limits on the abundance of CHAMPs, a Monte-Carlo analysis with ~ 3x10^6 independent BBN runs, varying reaction rates of nineteen different reactions, is performed (see attached erratum, however). The analysis yields the surprising result that except for small areas in the particle parameter space conservative constraints on the abundance of decaying charged particles are currently very close to those of neutral particles. It is shown that, in case a number of heretofore unconsidered reactions may be determined reliably in future, it is conceivable that the limit on CHAMPs in the early Universe could be tightened by orders of magnitude. An ERRATUM gives limits on primordial CHAMP densities when the by Ref. Kamimura et al. recently more accurately determined CHAMP reaction rates are employed.

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What the classifier reports for each sentence. The number is the probability it gave the label.
#	sentence	role	the authors' own work	states the main conclusion	strength
s0	The Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the presence of charged massive particles (CHAMPs) is studied in detail.	contribution 0.93	0.86	0.03	asserted 0.97
s1	All currently known effects due to the existence of bound states between CHAMPs and nuclei, including possible late-time destruction of Li6 and Li7 are included.	contribution 0.54	0.55	0.03	asserted 0.98
s2	The study sets conservative bounds on CHAMP abundances in the decay time range 3x10^2 sec - 10^12 sec.	result 0.82	0.94	0.32	asserted 1.00
s3	It is stressed that the production of Li6 at early times T ~ 10keV is overestimated by a factor ~ 10 when the approximation of the Saha equation for the He4 bound state fraction is utilised.	result 0.96	0.71	0.06	asserted 1.00
s4	To obtain conservative limits on the abundance of CHAMPs, a Monte-Carlo analysis with ~ 3x10^6 independent BBN runs, varying reaction rates of nineteen different reactions, is performed (see attached erratum, however).	method 1.00	0.94	0.05	asserted 1.00
s5	The analysis yields the surprising result that except for small areas in the particle parameter space conservative constraints on the abundance of decaying charged particles are currently very close to those of neutral particles.	result 0.98	0.92	0.70	asserted 0.99
s6	It is shown that, in case a number of heretofore unconsidered reactions may be determined reliably in future, it is conceivable that the limit on CHAMPs in the early Universe could be tightened by orders of magnitude.	future work 0.75	0.45	0.08	speculative 0.74
s7	An ERRATUM gives limits on primordial CHAMP densities when the by Ref. Kamimura et al. recently more accurately determined CHAMP reaction rates are employed.	contribution 0.57	0.62	0.05	asserted 0.97

What kind of paper the classifier reports this is: simulation study 0.90 · evidence from simulation or computation 1.00.

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figures and tables
references and citing sentences
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The paper

Original abstract

The Big Bang nucleosynthesis (BBN) in the presence of charged massive particles (CHAMPs) is studied in detail. All currently known effects due to the existence of bound states between CHAMPs and nuclei, including possible late-time destruction of Li6 and Li7 are included. The study sets conservative bounds on CHAMP abundances in the decay time range 3x10^2 sec - 10^12 sec. It is stressed that the production of Li6 at early times T ~ 10keV is overestimated by a factor ~ 10 when the approximation of the Saha equation for the He4 bound state fraction is utilised. To obtain conservative limits on the abundance of CHAMPs, a Monte-Carlo analysis with ~ 3x10^6 independent BBN runs, varying reaction rates of nineteen different reactions, is performed (see attached erratum, however). The analysis yields the surprising result that except for small areas in the particle parameter space conservative constraints on the abundance of decaying charged particles are currently very close to those of neutral particles. It is shown that, in case a number of heretofore unconsidered reactions may be determined reliably in future, it is conceivable that the limit on CHAMPs in the early Universe could be tightened by orders of magnitude. An ERRATUM gives limits on primordial CHAMP densities when the by Ref. Kamimura et al. recently more accurately determined CHAMP reaction rates are employed.

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References

Forward citations

Cited by 13 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score. Full citation record

Searching for heavy charged relics in the Earth
hep-ph 2026-07 conditional novelty 7.0 of 10

Galactic CHAMPs of mass 1–10^{12} TeV can be discovered by mining their accumulation in monitored water/ice and ancient rocks, enriching via gravity or centrifuges, and identifying them with mass spectrometry down to ...
Lyman-$\alpha$ constraints on freeze-in and superWIMPs
astro-ph.CO 2021-11 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Freeze-in dark matter must be heavier than about 15 keV, and superWIMP dark matter has a decay-width-dependent lower mass bound, both inferred from Lyman-alpha forest data.
Redefining the Axion Window
hep-ph 2016-10 conditional novelty 6.0 of 10

Requiring short-lived heavy quarks and no low-scale Landau poles selects fifteen hadronic axion models whose axion-photon couplings define a window roughly two to four times wider than the conventional band.
The synergy between CMB spectral distortions and anisotropies
astro-ph.CO 2019-10 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

A unified CLASS implementation of CMB spectral distortions shows that proposed PIXIE- and PRISM-class missions would tighten bounds on decaying dark matter and evaporating primordial black holes by one to three orders...
Window for preferred axion models
hep-ph 2017-05 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Imposing short heavy-quark lifetimes and no sub-Planckian Landau poles on hadronic axion models confines the axion-photon coupling to a band roughly between E/N = 5/3 and 170/3, with DFSZ models falling inside.

Show 8 more citing papers

The New Look pMSSM with Neutralino and Gravitino LSPs
hep-ph 2012-06 conditional novelty 5.0 of 10

Two ~225k-model pMSSM samples with neutralino and gravitino LSPs are built and constrained, and the neutralino set yields an estimated 8 TeV LHC reach of roughly 32-45% of the sample.
Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and Gravitino
hep-ph 2008-04 accept novelty 5.0 of 10

Updated big-bang nucleosynthesis calculations tighten the upper bound on the post-inflation reheating temperature from gravitino decays and constrain Bino, stau, and sneutrino as the next-to-lightest superpartner.
Microwave Spectro-Polarimetry of Matter and Radiation across Space and Time
astro-ph.CO 2019-09 unverdicted novelty 4.0 of 10

This white paper proposes a large space mission combining a polarized imager, a filter-bank spectrometer, and absolute spectrometers to map the microwave sky from 10 to 2000 GHz and probe cosmology across cosmic time.
New Horizons in Cosmology with Spectral Distortions of the Cosmic Microwave Background
astro-ph.CO 2019-09 unverdicted novelty 3.0 of 10

A white paper advocating for a CMB spectral distortion mission to detect predicted mu, y, and recombination signals and probe inflation, dark matter, and particle physics.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis as a Probe of New Physics
hep-ph 2010-11 accept novelty 3.0 of 10

Big Bang nucleosynthesis turns observed light-element abundances into broad constraints on extra relativistic species, varying couplings, decaying or annihilating particles, and charged relics.
Dark Matter Candidates: A Ten-Point Test
astro-ph 2007-11 conditional novelty 3.0 of 10

The paper defines ten necessary tests for a dark matter candidate and grades sixteen proposed particles against them, concluding that most survive while charged CHAMPs and the first Kaluza-Klein graviton do not.
Spectral Distortions of the CMB as a Probe of Inflation, Recombination, Structure Formation and Particle Physics
astro-ph.CO 2019-03 accept novelty 2.0 of 10

CMB spectral distortions offer a feasible, orders-of-magnitude extension of cosmological reach, with predicted standard-model signals at the sensitivity of proposed space spectrometers.
Big Bang Nucleosynthesis and Particle Dark Matter
hep-ph 2009-06 conditional novelty 2.0 of 10

Big Bang nucleosynthesis bounds on non-thermal energy injection, charged-relic catalysis, and residual annihilation translate into strong constraints on particle dark matter, and may even account for the observed lith...

How the literature uses it

30 arXiv papers cite this in 48 sentences

Each citing sentence is taken from the citing paper's LaTeX source and typed by Pith's classifier. A label appears at probability 0.8 or more (0.95 for support), a contest at 0.7 or more; the quoted words are the citing authors'. How each label was checked · JSON

Papers citing it · 40 sentences without a confident label

Uses its method or tool 1 paper

Jedamzik [ref] to include all the latest improvements on decaying relic particles and bound states.

Gravitino dark matter and the lithium primordial abundance within a pre-BBN modified expansion · Calculation procedure · 0.99

Uses its data or values 2 papers

Refs. [ref] find the excluded regions on the $(τ_NLSP,Ω_NLSPh^2)$ plane for different values of the hadronic branching fraction and two values of the NLSP masses, 100 and 1000 GeV.

Supersymmetric mass spectra for gravitino dark matter with a high reheating temperature · Maximizing the reheating temperature · 0.91
In addition, adopting $/H|_obs ≲4×10^-11(2.7×10^-10)$ as used in [ref] , the numbers in our Eqs. ([ref]), ([ref]), and ([ref]) change respectively to $6×10^3(10^4)$, $0.87 (0.78)$, and $5.3×10^7 (6.5×10^7)$.

Implications of Catalyzed BBN in the CMSSM with Gravitino Dark Matter · Conclusion · 0.96

Compares with it 1 paper

This is also confirmed by a direct comparison of our data with Figs. 1 and 2 of the more elaborate CBBN treatment in [ref] for $B_h ≲3×10^-3$ ($≤2.7$, i.e., $≤6$) [ref] at the relevant times of $t≃few×10^3$.

Implications of Catalyzed BBN in the CMSSM with Gravitino Dark Matter · Conclusion · 0.97

Cites it as support 2 papers

Indeed, it has been shown [ref] that bound-state formation of $τ̃_1^-$ with $^4$He can lead to an overproduction of $^6$Li via the catalyzed BBN (CBBN) reaction $^4$He $X^-$ $+$ D $→$ $^6$Li + $X^-$ [ref] , which has a serious impact on the regions with viable gravitino dark matter [ref] .

Gravitino dark matter in hybrid gauge-gravity models · Gravitino dark matter in hybrid models · 0.96
Indeed, as discussed in Ref. [ref] , for those branching ratios, the effect of CBBN on is the dominant one in the region which is not already excluded by the D constraint.

The long-lived stau as a thermal relic · Generic constraints on the gravitino-stau scenario · 0.98

Cites it as background 2 papers

Concerning the inconsistency between the face value of the primordial $^7$Li abundance and the SBBN prediction, various solutions have been discussed from the viewpoint of both astrophysics [ref] and cosmology [ref] .

Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis and Gravitino · Observational light-element abundances · 0.92
The presence of a long-lived, (color-)charged mediator during BBN can affect the predictions for the primordial abundances of light elements in two ways: through energy release from its decay [ref] and through the formation of bound states with the baryonic matter [ref] .

Top-philic dark matter within and beyond the WIMP paradigm · BBN constraints · 0.88

What it cites · 28 sentences without a confident label

Contests 1 paper

Though all rates have been determined numerically in the Born approximation in Ref. [ref] , as the Born approximation is likely to fail badly, results become uncertain.

The cosmic 6Li and 7Li problems and BBN with long-lived charged massive particles · Constraints on CHAMPs with long life times · contest 0.75

Uses data or values from 3 papers

In particular, the Born approximation values of the rates given in Ref. [ref] (shown in Figs. 3 and 4, as well as in Table III and IV of that paper), have been taken as benchmarks.

The cosmic 6Li and 7Li problems and BBN with long-lived charged massive particles · Constraints on CHAMPs with long life times · 0.96
In order to derive these constraints the rate for 2(4$-X^- ,X^-)^6$Li as given in Ref. [ref] has been utilised.

Stau-catalyzed $^6$Li Production in Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis · Constraints on CHAMPs with intermediate life times · 0.92
Initial estimates for this enhancemant factor were given at around $6×10^7$ [ref] .

Particle physics catalysis of thermal Big Bang Nucleosynthesis · Introduction · 0.89

Compares with 2 papers

When these processes are included in the analysis, drastic changes concerning limits on the existence of CHAMPs when compared to those priorly derived [ref] , are obtained.

Stau-catalyzed $^6$Li Production in Big-Bang Nucleosynthesis · Conclusions · 0.90
When these processes are included in the analysis, drastic changes concerning limits on the existence of CHAMPs when compared to those priorly derived [ref] , are obtained.

Particle physics catalysis of thermal Big Bang Nucleosynthesis · Conclusions · 0.90

Cites as support 1 paper

Since this is the case for, for example, supersymmetric staus, bound state effects thus still remain very constraining in particular scenarios [ref] .

Particle physics catalysis of thermal Big Bang Nucleosynthesis · Constraints on CHAMPs with intermediate life times · 0.96

Cites as background 5 papers

Concerning details on the BBN with CHAMPs at late times, the importance of particular reactions, and their evaluation, the reader is referred to the original paper [ref] .

The cosmic 6Li and 7Li problems and BBN with long-lived charged massive particles · Introduction · 0.94
Though it had been noted already earlier that negatively charged, weak-scale mass particles (CHAMPs) form bound-states with positively charged nuclei towards the end of BBN [ref] , it has only recently been put forward that this may impact considerably the light-element yields synthesized during BBN [ref] .

Particle physics catalysis of thermal Big Bang Nucleosynthesis · Introduction · 0.83
Though it had been noted already earlier that negatively charged, weak-scale mass particles (CHAMPs) form bound-states with positively charged nuclei towards the end of BBN [ref] , it has only recently been put forward that this may impact considerably the light-element yields synthesized during BBN [ref] .

Big Bang Nucleosynthesis with Long Lived Charged Massive Particles · Introduction · 0.83

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