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arxiv 1702.03885 v1 pith:OZGFXGF6 submitted 2017-02-13 astro-ph.EP astro-ph.IM

Stacked Bayesian general Lomb-Scargle periodogram: Identifying stellar activity signals

classification astro-ph.EP astro-ph.IM
keywords activitystellardatausedsignalstoolplanetsignal
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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Context. Distinguishing between a signal induced by either stellar activity or a planet is currently the main challenge in radial velocity searches for low-mass exoplanets. Even when the presence of a transiting planet and hence its period are known, stellar activity can be the main barrier to measuring the correct amplitude of the radial velocity signal. Several tools are being used to help understand which signals come from stellar activity in the data. Aims. We aim to present a new tool that can be used for the purpose of identifying periodicities caused by stellar activity, and show how it can be used to track the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the detection over time. The tool is based on the principle that stellar activity signals are variable and incoherent. Methods. We calculate the Bayesian general Lomb-Scargle periodogram for subsets of data and by adding one extra data point we track what happens to the presence and significance of periodicities in the data. Publicly available datasets from HARPS and HARPS-N were used for this purpose. Additionally, we analysed a synthetic dataset that we created with SOAP2.0 to simulate pure stellar activity and a mixture of stellar activity and a planet. Results. We find that this tool can easily be used to identify unstable and incoherent signals, such as those introduced by stellar activity. The SNR of the detection grows approximately as the square root of the number of data points, in the case of a stable signal. This can then be used to make decisions on whether it is useful to keep observing a specific object. The tool is relatively fast and easy to use, and thus lends itself perfectly to a quick analysis of the data.

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Cited by 2 Pith papers

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  1. Star-planet interaction in the Proxima system

    astro-ph.EP 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Spectroscopic monitoring detects phase-locked flares to Proxima d and flare-intensity modulation by Proxima b, producing a -16 G polar field estimate for the inner planet via Poynting-flux modeling.

  2. RedDots: Magnetic field of the nearby active M dwarf GJ 729, and a search for companions

    astro-ph.SR 2026-07 conditional novelty 4.0

    GJ 729 exhibits a weak, evolving large-scale magnetic field (50-145 G) and a persistent ~7 d radial velocity signal that could be a ~1.5-2 Earth-mass planet or residual stellar activity.