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arxiv 1906.01954 v2 pith:HZHVWMEN submitted 2019-06-05 hep-ph nucl-th

Chemical freeze-out conditions and fluctuations of conserved charges in heavy-ion collisions within quantum van der Waals model

classification hep-ph nucl-th
keywords hadronchargeschemicalcollisionscriticalenergyfreeze-outkurtosis
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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The chemical freeze-out parameters in central nucleus-nucleus collisions are extracted consistently from hadron yield data within the quantum van der Waals (QvdW) hadron resonance gas model. The beam energy dependences for skewness and kurtosis of net baryon, net electric, and net strangeness charges are predicted. The QvdW interactions in asymmetric matter, $Q/B \neq 0.5$, between (anti)baryons yield a non-congruent liquid-gas phase transition, together with a nuclear critical point (CP) with critical temperature of $T_c=19.5$ MeV. The nuclear CP yields the collision energy dependence of the skewness and the kurtosis to both deviate significantly from the ideal hadron resonance gas baseline predictions even far away, in $(T,\mu_B)$-plane, from the CP. These predictions can readily be tested by STAR and NA61/SHINE Collaborations at the RHIC BNL and the SPS CERN, respectively, and by HADES at GSI. The results presented here offer a broad opportunity for the search for signals of phase transition in dense hadronic matter at the future NICA and FAIR high intensity facilities.

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    A three-parameter hadron–quark crossover equation of state fitted to lattice QCD data yields a switching temperature T₀ ≃ 216 MeV, implying hadronic degrees of freedom persist well above the chiral pseudocritical temperature.