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Spin tensor and pseudo-gauges: from nuclear collisions to gravitational physics
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Spin tensor and pseudo-gauges: from nuclear collisions to gravitational physics
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The relativistic treatment of spin is a fundamental subject which has an old history. In various physical contexts it is necessary to separate the relativistic total angular momentum into an orbital and spin contribution. However, such decomposition is affected by ambiguities since one can always redefine the orbital and spin part through the so-called pseudo-gauge transformations. We analyze this problem in detail by discussing the most common choices of energy-momentum and spin tensors with an emphasis on their physical implications, and study the spin vector which is a pseudo-gauge invariant operator. We review the angular momentum decomposition as a crucial ingredient for the formulation of relativistic spin hydrodynamics and quantum kinetic theory with a focus on relativistic nuclear collisions, where spin physics has recently attracted significant attention. Furthermore, we point out the connection between pseudo-gauge transformations and the different definitions of the relativistic center of mass. Finally, we consider the Einstein-Cartan theory, an extension of conventional general relativity, which allows for a natural definition of the spin tensor.
Forward citations
Cited by 5 Pith papers
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Initial spin fluctuations as a probe of cluster spin structure in $^{16}\mathrm{O}$ and $^{20}\mathrm{Ne}$ nuclei
Alpha clustering in 16O and 20Ne suppresses initial spin fluctuations in relativistic collisions, with a scaled ratio of fluctuations between the two systems proposed as a probe of cluster geometry.
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A symmetry-based resolution of pseudo-gauge ambiguities in local equilibrium
Local-equilibrium density operators built only from genuine conserved currents are invariant under pseudo-gauge and improvement transformations of the energy-momentum and spin tensors.
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Dissipative spin hydrodynamics in Bjorken flow and thermal dilepton production
Spin dynamics in dissipative hydrodynamics enhance thermal dilepton yields relative to standard viscous hydrodynamics in Bjorken flow, with the enhancement depending on spin transport coefficients.
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Pseudo-Gauge Stabilizers and Fibration Structure of the Cooper--Frye Map at Freeze-Out
The Cooper-Frye map at freeze-out admits a stratified fibration induced by pseudo-gauge stabilizers, classifying observables and recovering the Belinfante-canonical obstruction.
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Spin dynamics and polarization in relativistic systems: recent developments
The review summarizes developments in spin hydrodynamics, polarization from spin-vorticity coupling, pseudo-gauge freedom, and heavy-flavor spin dynamics in relativistic systems.
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