Pith. sign in

REVIEW 15 cited by

Gravitational waves from a universe filled with primordial black holes

Not yet reviewed by Pith; the record is open.

This paper has not been read by Pith yet. Machine review is queued; the pith claim, tier, and objections will appear here once it completes.

SPECIMEN: schema-true, not a live event

T0 review · schema-true

One-sentence machine reading of the paper's core claim.

pith:XXXXXXXX · record.json · timestamp

arxiv 2010.11573 v3 pith:SC6454GU submitted 2020-10-22 astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-th

Gravitational waves from a universe filled with primordial black holes

classification astro-ph.CO gr-qchep-th
keywords mathrmblackholesprimordialgravitationalwavestheyuniverse
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
0 comments
Share X Bluesky LinkedIn Reddit HN
read the original abstract

Ultra-light primordial black holes, with masses $m_\mathrm{PBH}<10^9\mathrm{g}$, evaporate before big-bang nucleosynthesis and can therefore not be directly constrained. They can however be so abundant that they dominate the universe content for a transient period (before reheating the universe via Hawking evaporation). If this happens, they support large cosmological fluctuations at small scales, which in turn induce the production of gravitational waves through second-order effects. Contrary to the primordial black holes, those gravitational waves survive after evaporation, and can therefore be used to constrain such scenarios. In this work, we show that for induced gravitational waves not to lead to a backreaction problem, the relative abundance of black holes at formation, denoted $ \Omega_\mathrm{PBH,f} $, should be such that $ \Omega_\mathrm{PBH,f} <10^{-4}(m_\mathrm{PBH}/10^9\mathrm{g})^{-1/4}$. In particular, scenarios where primordial black holes dominate right upon their formation time are all excluded (given that $m_\mathrm{PBH}>10\, \mathrm{g}$ for inflation to proceed at $\rho^{1/4}<10^{16}\mathrm{GeV}$). This sets the first constraints on ultra-light primordial black holes.

discussion (0)

Sign in with ORCID, Apple, or X to comment. Anyone can read and Pith papers without signing in.

Forward citations

Cited by 15 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Reheating: The Scalar-Induced Component

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 7.0

    Accounting for the minimal mass spread of primordial black holes from gravitational collapse suppresses the Poltergeist GW background to the level of generic scalar-induced signals and reopens ultra-light PBH parameter space.

  2. Observable Gravitational Wave Strain at Second Order

    gr-qc 2025-12 conditional novelty 7.0

    At second order, the gravitational-wave strain measured by geodesic observers exchanging light pulses is the transverse-traceless metric perturbation in the Newton gauge (h_N^(2)).

  3. Opening the Window of Ultra-Light PBHs by Exorcising the Poltergeist

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Incorporating the general-relativity mass tail df_PBH/d ln M ∝ M^3.78 smooths PBH evaporation, suppresses the scalar-induced GW signal by orders of magnitude, and reopens the ultra-light PBH window for the hot Big Bang.

  4. Primordial Black Hole Hotspots Beyond Flat Spacetime

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Hotspots around light primordial black holes cool faster in an expanding universe following T_plt ∝ t^{-11/15} and vanish completely in finite time, unlike everlasting hotspots in flat spacetime.

  5. Gravitational Waves from a Black Hole Falling Radially into a Thin-Shell Traversable Wormhole

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Analytic gravitational waveforms from radial test-particle infall into a thin-shell traversable wormhole exhibit a characteristic pulse-gap structure from repeated throat crossings and lie within reach of ground-based...

  6. Imprint of domain wall annihilation on induced gravitational waves

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Domain wall annihilation imprints a two-peaked spectrum on induced gravitational waves via an early matter-dominated phase and entropy dilution.

  7. Constraining the inflaton potential with gravitational waves from oscillons

    astro-ph.CO 2026-01 conditional novelty 6.0

    The rapid decay of an oscillon-dominated post-inflation phase produces induced gravitational waves strong enough that the BBN/CMB bound on relativistic species excludes significant regions of inflaton mass–coupling pa...

  8. Scalar-induced gravitational waves from a box-shaped curvature power spectrum

    gr-qc 2026-07 accept novelty 5.5

    Analytic SIGW spectra for a log-box curvature power spectrum: narrow-box geometric overlap factor turning IR slope k^{3}ln^{2}k into k^{2}ln^{2}k, plus broad-box product of universal edge functions.

  9. Universal Suppression of Gravitational Waves from Black Hole Evaporation Dynamics

    astro-ph.CO 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Black hole populations with finite-width mass distributions exhibit universal late-time evaporation-driven evolution that produces characteristic power-law suppression of induced gravitational waves, directly linking ...

  10. Signatures of loop quantum gravity in primordial black hole cosmologies

    gr-qc 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    PBH masses near 10^3 kg allow Hawking evaporation to reheat the universe while Planckian remnants comprise all present-day DM without fine-tuning initial abundance, yielding testable GW signals.

  11. Multi-peaked high-frequency gravitational waves from PBH-assisted leptogenesis

    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    PBH-assisted leptogenesis produces a multi-peaked GW spectrum in the MHz-EHz range from RHN graviton bremsstrahlung plus PBH-related sources.

  12. Gravitational Waves from Post-Inflationary Magnetism: Direct and Scalar-Induced Contributions

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    In a post-inflationary magnetogenesis scenario with time-dependent gauge couplings, magnetic anisotropic stress dominates peak GW amplitude while scalar-induced terms matter on larger scales, both showing f^3 infrared...

  13. Accretion Effects on Primordial Black Hole Reheating Constraints

    astro-ph.CO 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Accretion on primordial black holes prolongs matter domination and shifts reheating constraints from isocurvature gravitational waves and mergers toward smaller formation masses and initial abundances.

  14. Primordial Black Holes Evaporating before Big Bang Nucleosynthesis

    astro-ph.CO 2025-09 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    PBHs must exceed 10^9 g to affect BBN observables, yielding beta upper limits from 10^{-17} to 10^{-19} for masses 10^9-10^10 g, with public code provided.

  15. Scalar induced gravitational waves review

    gr-qc 2021-09 unverdicted novelty 2.0

    A review that unifies analytical expressions for scalar-induced gravitational waves and emphasizes calculations for non-radiation-dominated cosmologies.