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Forces within hadrons on the light front

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arxiv 2102.01683 v2 pith:6XQMBEQF submitted 2021-02-02 hep-ph nucl-exnucl-th

Forces within hadrons on the light front

classification hep-ph nucl-exnucl-th
keywords densityformfrontforcesformalismhadronslightdensities
verification ladder T0 review T1 audit T2 compute T3 formal T4 reserved
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In this work, we find the light front densities for momentum and forces, including pressure and shear forces, within hadrons. This is achieved by deriving relativistically correct expressions relating these densities to the gravitational form factors $A(t)$ and $D(t)$ associated with the energy momentum tensor. The derivation begins from the fundamental definition of density in a quantum field theory, namely the expectation value of a local operator within a spatially-localized state. We find that it is necessary to use the light front formalism to define a density that corresponds to internal hadron structure. When using the instant form formalism, it is impossible to remove the spatial extent of the hadron wave function from any density, and -- even within instant form dynamics -- one does not obtain a Breit frame Fourier transform for a properly defined density. Within the front formalism, we derive new expressions for various mechanical properties of hadrons, including the mechanical radius, as well as for stability conditions. The multipole ansatz for the form factors is used as an example to illustrate all of these findings.

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Forward citations

Cited by 11 Pith papers

Reviewed papers in the Pith corpus that reference this work. Sorted by Pith novelty score.

  1. Quantum stress and torsion distributions in the deuteron

    nucl-th 2026-02 conditional novelty 7.0

    First complete non-relativistic impulse-approximation calculation of all eleven deuteron EMT form factors, including non-conserved c-bar and s-bar form factors that map to force and torsion distributions inside the nucleons.

  2. Transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    The quantum phase-space formalism derives transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons and reproduces standard light-front distributions including bad components in the infinite-momentum frame.

  3. Gravitational transverse momentum distribution of proton

    hep-ph 2026-04 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Analytical expressions for quark gravitational TMDs are derived in the LFQDM, verified against standard TMD relations, and linked to transverse pressure and shear-force distributions.

  4. Mapping the transverse spin sum rule in position space

    hep-ph 2025-05 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Derives relativistic spatial distributions of transverse orbital angular momentum, intrinsic spin, and total angular momentum in the transverse plane for spin-0 and spin-1/2 targets via quantum phase-space formalism a...

  5. Relativistic energy-momentum tensor distributions in a polarized nucleon

    hep-ph 2025-03 unverdicted novelty 6.0

    Relativistic EMT distributions in polarized nucleons recover good and bad light-front components in the IMF after including polarization effects.

  6. Gravitational form factors of light mesons from Basis Light-Front Quantization

    hep-ph 2026-05 unverdicted novelty 5.0

    Gravitational form factors of pion and kaon are computed in BLFQ; A(Q^2) agrees with lattice QCD while D(Q^2) is enhanced at low Q^2 due to small-x and zero-mode sensitivity in the truncated model.

  7. Transverse energy-momentum tensor distributions in polarized nucleons

    hep-ph 2026-04 accept novelty 4.5

    Transverse EMT distributions in polarized nucleons are derived in the quantum phase-space formalism; they reduce to standard light-front densities (including bad components) in the infinite-momentum frame.

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    hep-ph 2026-06 conditional novelty 4.0

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    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

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    hep-ph 2026-06 unverdicted novelty 4.0

    Light-front quark model calculations with two Gaussian wave functions yield transverse mechanical distributions for pseudoscalar charmonium and bottomonium, showing a nodal pressure and positive force.

  11. Scalar and spin-two energy-momentum-tensor structure in near-threshold charmonium probes of the proton

    hep-ph 2026-06 conditional novelty 3.5

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